The Future in Data Storage

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Holographic Optical Data Storage

• The Future in Data Storage
• Presented By
• Mark Farwell

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Introduction

• Holographic Optical Storage (HODS) or Holographic
  Data Storage System (HDDS)
• Most viable new data storage technology
• Uses images rather then bits to store data
• Images imposed in material
• Disk the same size as a DVD will hold some 50
  full feature movies

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Why Do We Need This?

• For Internet applications alone, industry
  estimates are that storage needs are doubling
  every 100 days
• Nelson Diaz, Lucent Technology
• Optoelectronics Industry and Technology
  Development Association projects that the year
  2010, a storage system serving an average LAN
  will need 100 TB and a WAN server will require
  10TB to 1 petabyte of storage (Red Herring)

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Is That All?

• Current magnetic and optical storage devices
  nearing limits
• Magnetic densities near limit
• Light wavelength nearing spot size
• Diffraction becoming an issue
• Needed step for smaller storage devices
• Might be able to compact down to a a mere in2

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Practical Solution or Cool Toy?

• May be the answer to new storage demands of today
• Super high storage densities
• Super fast access possible
• Estimate of at least 10s of MB/sec and as high
  as 100s of MB/sec
• Small size

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Background 2-D Holography

• Developed on older holographic techniques
• Same idea as authentication for credit cards
• Object is imposed into a film
• Beam is split
• One beam shines on object
• (object beam)
• Reflection interacts with
• reference beam to burn
• image into film

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What Does That Mean?

• Think of the beams as electromagnetic waves
  (photons)
• When Object beam and Reference beam overlap, the
  become constructive or destructive
• Like ripples in a pond
• Constructive wave have higher energy
• Destructive waves have lower energy

Teen Gren
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Background Holographic Optical Data Storage
(HODS)

• Only recently been seriously looked at thanks to
  new advances in photography
• High density, High speed CCDs
• High density, High speed spatial light modulators
  (SLM)
• High quality LCD
• Both operate at 1024x1024 res. and up to 2000Hz
• Most of research simply uses off the shelf
  equipment

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More Background

• Figure shows a basic HODS
• SLM projects a page of information into medium
• CCD picks up specified page of information

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Recording

• Data stream is sent to the SLM as 0s and 1s
• Forms a checkerboard pattern
• 1s transmit light, 0s block light
• Beam is split
• Light passing through SLM is the signal (object)
  beam
• Reflected beam is the reference beam
• Beams interfere in the medium to produce hologram
  much like before

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Recording by Figure
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Reading

• Beam no longer split
• Reference beam is diffracted off the recorded
  grating (hologram)
• Reconstructs matrix
• Projected using optic onto CCD
• Converts into data stream

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Recording by Figure
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What Does This Allow

• In the case of 2-D, much higher storage density
  then conventional disks
• 50 movies per DVD size disk (5.25 in.)
• In the case of 3-D, HUGE capacities using the
  entire volume rather then the surface
• Parallel data storage!!!
• 10s to 100s of MB/Sec
• Can read and write at the same time

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Current Constraints Material

• Material is by far the biggest problem, if not
  the only one!!!
• Must meet many criteria
• Excellent Optical Quality
• Good homogeneity and optical quality surface
• High Recording Fidelity
• Must read data beam amplitude well

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Current Constraints Material

• High Dynamic Range
• Great ability to respond to optical exposure with
  the refractive index modulation (more holograms)
• Low Scattered light
• Readout beam scattering
• High Sensitivity
• Fast hologram recording/reading
• Non Volatile Storage
• Material should retain data for a time consistent
  with the data storage application
• Dark decay and loss per-read

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Constraints Size and Format

• Right now the apparatus for reading and writing
  is rather large
• Easily compacted once development completed
• Format may be an issue
• Scientists working on both 3-D and disc 2-D
• Debate over whether to make the system WORM
  (Write-Once Read-Many), Re-writable or both

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What Can Be Done

• Polymers
• Work great for WORM applications
• Starting to discover polymers for read-write
• Crystalline structures
• Better solutions for read-write capabilities
• Two-Color Grated Recording
• Uses two wavelengths of light
• Both used to write, one used to read
  non-destructively
• Once research is done, size and format are
  addressed

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Anything Else Being/Can Be Done?

• I feel larger communication and computer
  companies need to realize the viability of such a
  technology
• IBM, Intel, Lucent
• Some already are
• Big advances are being made
• Research should be done in Universities and
  research facilities such as Bell Labs
  (techniques), and chemical research facilities
  (materials)

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Who is Involved

• InPhase Technologies, venture of Lucent
  Technologies
• Exclusive purpose is to develop high-performance
  holographic data storage media
• Seem to be leaders in viable product, near
  useable solution
• Government and other participants donate 32
  million for research
• Large majority of research focused at Standford
  and IBMs Almaden Research Facility
• Main focus on testing optical system components
  and holographic storage materials (DEMON)

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And

• Carnegie-Mellon University
• GTE Corp.
• IBMs Watson Research Center
• University of Arizona
• University of Dayton
• All focus on material research and technique
  research

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Lastly

• Kodak
• Focus almost entirely on material development
• Foremost leader in the development of crystal an
  polymer alternatives
• Aprilis, Inc
• Part of Polaroid, Inc.
• Focus on developing a commercialized HODS or
  Holographic Data Storage System (HDSS)

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Impacts

• The everyday user might not notice the impact
  other then more space on his/her computer
• Big benefactors are big business and internet
• Parallel data storage and retrieval allows for
  very fast data excess for number crunching and
  experiments (much faster computation times)
• Much faster data access for internet servers as
  well as much larger storage densities (MB/in2)
• Cheaper cost per Megabyte once mainstream
• Data storage for libraries, documents and so
  forth will be cheaper and take up less space and
  access will be much faster

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Implications

• As mentioned before, much faster access
• Unfortunately, not too many technological
  advances will arise due to the introduction of
  HODSs
• Everything is mostly off the shelf technology
• Polymer, Crystal, and Film technology or
  knowledge might benefit

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Market

• Current storage memory market exceeds 100
  billion dollars worldwide
• 47 billion is solely hard disk, 42 billion
  magnetic tape drives, 6 billion optical disk
• This is growing at 40 a year (1998)
• HODS has the possibility of taking over this
  entire market
• Can assimilate all these data storage types
• Little to no competitive alternatives on the
  horizon

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When Can I Get One

• Estimates of the emergence for such a technology
  is anywhere from 2003 to as late as 2010 and
  beyond
• To solve the materials problem requires
  invention and an invention cant be scheduled
  (Hans Croufal, IBMs Almaden Research Center)
• First uses will be in network administration
  servers and internet servers

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Long Term

• Eventually HODSs may take over magnetic and
  optical devices all together
• DVDs with 1.6 terabytes on them
• 1-centimeter square (sugar cube) holding a
  terabyte plus of data
• Smaller (1-2 inch disc) type media
• Less need for compression techniques (depending
  on internet communications)
• Less data loss
• Even smaller computers (hard drive one of the
  largest components)
• Less power to drive longer lasting laptops

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Other Impacts

• Not a product that will increase the quality of
  life per say
• Faster data access (internet)
• Smaller, Cheaper electronics
• More storage per dollar (long term)
• The main importance is that new storage mediums
  must be found

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Conclusion

• Built on technology thats around for 40 years
• HODS may be the future of data storage
• HUGE capacity, Very fast, Smaller
• Parallel processing
• Current storage methods nearing there fundamental
  limits of storage density
• Stationary parts for some techniques
• Meets the demand for a capacity hungry society
• Large market and little new competition

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Demo

• InPhase Technology demo
• http//www.inphase-technologies.com

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Further Research/Bibliography

• www.redherring.com/index.asp?layoutstorychannel
  70000007doc_id1050016905
• www.aprilisinc.com/
• www.lucent.com/press/0101/010130.bla.html
• www.enteleky.com/holography/mpaper.htm
• www.manhattsci.com/
• http//www.research.ibm.com/research/press/hologra
  phic.html
• http//www.imation.com/about/news/newsitem/02C123
  32C2982C00.html
• http//www.pitt.edu/drew1/2089/holo.htm
• http//www.sciam.com/2000/0500issue/0500toigbox5.h
  tml

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Bibliography Continues

• Dogan A. Timucin and John D. Downie, IEEE
  Potentials, Vol. 19, No. 4, Holographic Optical
  Storage, Oct/Nov 2000
• H. Vormann and E. Kratzig, Solid State
  Communications Holographic Storage, 843, (1990)
• IBM Holographic Storage Team, Laser Focus World,
  Holographic Storage Promises High data Density,
  Nov. 1996, pp. 81-93
• G. T. Sincerbox, ed., Selected Papers on
  Holographic Storage (SPIE Milestone Series 95)
  (1994)
• J. F. Heasnue, M. C. Bashaw, and L. Hesselink,
  Science, Volume Holograhic Storage and Retrieval
  of Digital Data, (1994)
• H. Guenther, G. Whittmann, R. M. Macfarlane, and
  R.R. Neurgaonkar, Intensity dependence and
  white-light gating od two-color photorefractive
  gratings in LiNbO3, Sept. 1, 1997 / Vol. 22, No.
  17 / OPTICS LETTER