Anatomy of the Central Nervous System: part 2

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Anatomy of theCentral Nervous System part 2

• Lecture 11

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Telencephalon - Cortex

• Gray Matter
• Somas and Dendrites
• Neocortex - 6 layers
• Sensory input ---gt layer IV
• Motor output ---gt layer V
• Paleocortex - 2 or 3 layers

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Telencephalon - Fiber Systems

• White Matter - myelinated axons
• 3 types of fiber systems
• Commissural
• Association
• Projection

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Commissural Fibers

• Interconnect homologous structures in the two
  hemispheres
• Corpus Callosum
• Anterior and Posterior
• Hippocampal

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Anterior
Anterior
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• Association Fibers
• interconnect cortical areas within each
  hemisphere
• Projection Fibers
• all other fiber systems
• Fornix
• Corticospinal tract
• Mammillothalamic tract
• Naming convention

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Hemispheres Left Right
Association
Commissural
Projection
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The Limbic System

• Emotion
• Learning Memory
• Structures
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Hippocampus
• Cingulate gyrus
• Amygdala
• Fornix

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Limbic System
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Fornix
Thalamus Hypothalamus
Amygdala
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Basal Ganglia

• Extrapyramidal Motor System
• Caudate
• Putamen
• Globus Pallidus
• Claustrum
• Amygdala
• no motor function

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Caudate
Amygdala
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Diencephalon

• Surrounds third ventricle
• Thalamus
• sensory and motor relay nuclei
• Hypothalamus
• motivation emotion

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Thalamus

• Lateral Geniculate Nuclei - LGN
• vision
• Medial Geniculate Nuclei - MGN
• audition
• Ventroposterior Nuclei - VPL VPM
• somatosensation
• Massa Intermedia - crosses midline

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Hypothalamus

• 4Fs
• feeding
• fighting
• fleeing, and ...
• mating
• Controls the pituitary gland

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Diencephalon thalamus
Massa Intermedia
MGN
LGN
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Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
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Mesencephalon

• Surrounds cerebral aqueduct
• Tectum
• Superior Colliculi - vision
• Inferior Colliculi - audition
• Tegmentum

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Superior Colliculi
Inferior Colliculi
Tectum
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Tegmentum

• Periaqueductal Gray - pain
• Reticular Formation - sleep and arousal,
  attention
• Red Nucleus and Substantia Nigra - motor system
• Ventral Tegmental Area - VTA - reinforcement

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Metencephalon

• Surrounds fourth ventricle
• Cerebellum
• coordinates movements
• Pons
• Sleep and arousal
• Reticular formation

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Cerebellum
Pons
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Myelencephalon

• Medulla - Vital Centers
• Reticular formation

Medulla
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Spinal Cord
White Matter
Gray Matter
Central Canal
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Spinal Cord
Dorsal
Horns
Dorsal
Lateral
Ventral
Ventral
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Spinal cord

• Dorsal horn - sensory input
• Lateral horn - autonomic N.S.
• Ventral horn - motor output