Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in Rural Areas

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Mobility Developments and Supply Deficits in
Rural Areas
Michael Meschik Institute for Transport
Studies BOKU, Vienna
COST Action 355 - WATCHNamur BE, Dec. 1-3, 2004
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Cause effect pattern (detail)
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National research project MOVE(1999-2003)
to find and evaluate measures to guarantee the
basic supply of goods and mobility services for
people without access to a car
Methodological approach

• Choosing 5 specific regions for detailed analysis
• Data collection
• Existing supply services and public transport
  services
• Postal Household survey socio-demographic
  details and trip diaries (n1368 households,
  response rate 54)

• Preparation of measures and discussion in focus
  groups
• Stated preference survey where hypothetical
  solutions were tested for their acceptance rate
• (3) Interpretation of results

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Structure of the projects MOVE ARTS
MOVE Part 1
MOVE Part 2
EC Project ARTS
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MOVE - the regions surveyed ...
Five economically deprived rural areas in Austria
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Supply structure (2002)
Lassee
S l o v a k i a
Hainburg
D a n u b e
Selected region Südliches Marchfeld
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Supply structure (2002)
Lassee
S l o v a k i a
Hainburg
D a n u b e
Selected region Südliches Marchfeld
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Supply structure (2002)
Lassee
S l o v a k i a
Hainburg
D a n u b e
Selected region Südliches Marchfeld
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Supply structure (2002)
Lassee
S l o v a k i a
Hainburg
D a n u b e
Selected region Südliches Marchfeld
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PT connections to the regional centre on school
days (Mon-Fri)
regional centre 13 km
regional centre 25km
Groißen- brunn
Lassee
Leopoldsdorf
Schloßhof
S l o v a k i a
Breitstetten
Fuchsenbigl
Markthof
Straudorf
Haringsee
Engelhartstetten
Loimersdorf
Kopfstetten
Wagram
Mannsdorf
Witzelsdorf
Pframa
Stopfenreuth
Orth
Hainburg
Eckartsau
D a n u b e
Selected region Südliches Marchfeld
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PT connections to the regional centre on school
holidays (Mon-Fri)
regional centre 13 km
regional centre 25km
Groißen- brunn
Lassee
Leopoldsdorf
Schloßhof
S l o v a k i a
Breitstetten
Fuchsenbigl
Markthof
Straudorf
Haringsee
Engelhartstetten
Loimersdorf
Kopfstetten
Wagram
Mannsdorf
Witzelsdorf
Pframa
Stopfenreuth
Orth
Hainburg
Eckartsau
D a n u b e
Selected region Südliches Marchfeld
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Kurier, 29.10.2000
13 Illegals in a Postal-Service Bus 13 illegal
immigrants from Moldavia were picked from a
postal-service bus near Fuerstenfeld last
Saturday. Police noticed an exceptionally high
occupancy rate on that bus. The officers checked
that out. Three women and ten men have to be sent
back to Hungary.
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Motorization prognosis
District of Gänserndorf

• Prognosis, based on
• Motorization in the USA (730 cars per 1000
  Inhabitants, 1995)
• Assumption 96 of driving-licence holders will
  own a car

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Driving licence holders
Selected region Unteres Pinka- und Stremtal
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Car availability
Selected region Unteres Pinka- und Stremtal
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Mobility behaviour(driving licence holders and
no driving licence holders)
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Typical modal split of persons with / without a
driving licence
Klaus - Windischgarsten
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Modal split of elderly persons with / without
driving license
Klaus - Windischgarsten Haslach
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Modal split of elderly persons with / without
driving license
Klaus - Windischgarsten Haslach
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Modal split of shopping trips
Marchfeld, Hartberg Men n 161, Women n 198
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Local supply and car-availability per household
Marchfeld, Hartberg n 295
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Modal split of private-supply trips 2000 and 2015
Southern Marchfeld
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Spatial prerequisites (shopping trips)
Enough inhabitants in the near catchment-area of
the grocer
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Spatial prerequisites

• Distance to the next supermarket

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The task
Securing basic supply including mobility
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Lots of improvements have to be made
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ARTS demonstrations
Gwynedd County Bacs-Kiskun County
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ARTS demonstrations - overview
Demonstration
LEPPAVIRTA (11,000 inh.) FI
SAMKOM SE (31,500 inh.)
BEALACH IE (12,100 inh.)
ALMA AT (1,180 inh.)
CYMRU UK (116,800 inh.)
DEVELOPMENT HU
RUTO ES (7,400 inh.)
MESSARA GR (2,320 inh.)
services were offered once or twice a week
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ARTS - Car ownership per household
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Driving license ownership (total population)
EC research project ARTS
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Pilot project in Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn
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Pilot project in Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn
11 Inhabitants per km²
1200 Inhabitants
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Target groups Potential passengers relying on
public transport

• Persons who do not hold a driving licence
• young people
• handicapped and old people
• people without a driving license for other reasons

• Persons with driving licence but no motorised
  vehicle available
• i.e. single-car households, when someone else
  uses the car

• Persons who prefer not to / cannot drive
  themselves for other reasons
• ill and injured persons
• business travellers
• tourists ...

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Accessibility within the municipalityDorfmobil
(Village mobile)
Problem destinations cannot be reached by foot
no Public Transport available dwindling
social contacts
daily necessities goods, doctor, social
contacts, PT-stops, ...

• demand oriented service pre-booking via phone

• door-to-door service

• operator non-profit association grass roots
  approach
• - driver member of the association (financial
  compensation) - vehicle(s) private car,
  leased car of the association

Target group people without access to a car
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Use of the Dorfmobil ?
Persons with no car available
50 NO
50 YES
(household interviews)
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For which purposes would you use the Dorfmobil ?
People without access to a private car
Percentage of people interviewed
(household interviews) Open answers, multiple
answers
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The future of public transport in rural areas
two prerequisites must be met

1. The sprawl of detached family houses must end.
   Villages must be more densely built up so that
   local settlement-nuclei allow affordable PT
   services.
2. PT must become more flexible in terms of vehicles
   and operation. Standard bus-services which
   operate between bus-stops only have to be
   substituted or complemented with more flexible
   door-to-door services.

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Dependency on support by others
Southern Marchfeld
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Social aspects
Bealach (IE)
I am more independent now.
Benefits n
Access to pensions other services 80 16
More social contacts 45 9
Keep independence 35 7
Access to local town 25 5
Carefree travel 10 2
Keep health appointments 5 1
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Resources
MOVE (2002) Mobility and supply needs in
economically deprived rural areas due to
structural changes http//www.boku.ac.at/verkehr/
move.htm ARTS (2004) Actions on the
integration of Rural Transport Services. EC-RTD
research programmehttp//www.rural-transport.net/
michael.meschik_at_boku.ac.at
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(No Transcript)
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Use of the services
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Use of the services (2)
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Costs of the services