PRESCHOOL PHYSICAL AND MOTOR DEV

1
PRESCHOOL PHYSICAL AND MOTOR DEV

• Chapter 10

2
PHYSICAL GROWTH

• RELATIVELY SLOW COMPARED TO INFANCY
• STEADY INCREASES IN HEIGHT, WEIGHT, COORDINATION
• CULTURAL VARIATIONS IN HEIGHT/WEIGHT
• CENTER OF GRAVITY GETS LOWER SO PHYSICAL MOVEMENT
  BECOMES EASIER

3
GROSS MOTOR DEV

• LARGE MUSCLES IN ARMS, LEGS
• STRENGTH AND STAMINA
• SEE CHART P. 198 (practice, diagnosis)
• GRADUAL REFINEMENT OF ABILITIES, SUDDEN
  APPEARANCE OF SKILLS
• KIDS NEED DAILY PRACTICE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE TO
  DEVELOP UPPER/LOWER BODY

4
CULTURAL VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITY LEVEL

• ACTIVITY LEVELS TAPER OFF BETWEEN 2-5 YEARS
• BOYS ARE USUALLY MORE ACTIVE THAN GIRLS
• CULTURE/GENETICS AFFECT ACTIVITY LEVELS
• HEALTH/NUTRITION AFFECT ACTIVITY LEVELS
• STORY P. 195

5
MOVEMENT AND CULTURE

• PLAY IS THE WORK OF THE CHILD
• KIDS OF EVERY CULTURE PLAY WHEN GIVEN THE CHANCE
• WE MUST GIVE KIDS DAILY VARIED OPPORTUNITIES FOR
  GROSS AND FINE MOTOR PLAY

6
GREAT BOOK

• PLACES FOR CHILDHOODS MAKING QUALITY HAPPEN IN
  THE REAL WORLD BY JIM GREENMAN
• ISBN 0-942702-25-5

7
UNIVERSAL GROSS MOTOR ACTIVITIES

• RUNNING AND WALKING
• CLIMBING AND JUMPING
• CATCHING AND THROWING
• BALANCING
• ROUGH AND TUMBLE

8
FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

• COORDINATION OF MUSCLES IN ARMS, HANDS, FINGERS
• SEE CHART P. 206
• PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR DEV. INTEGRATING PERCEPTION AND
  MOVEMENT
• ALLOWS FOR DEV OF SELF-HELP SKILLS (AUTONOMY)

9
ARTISTIC DEV

• ART IS A UNIVERSAL EXPRESSION OF FINE MOTOR DEV.
• VARIES WITH CULTURE
• INCLUDES 3-D AND PAPER ARTS

10
TALKING TO KIDS ABOUT ART

• OBSERVE QUIETLY AND THOUGHTFULLY
• LET CHILD INITIATE A DISCUSSION
• ASK A NEUTRAL, OPEN ENDED QUESTON WOULD YOU
  LIKE TO TELL ME ABOUT YOUR PICTURE?

11
DRAWING DEV

• SEE CHART P. 207
• SCRIBBLING STAGE
• PRESCHEMATIC STAGE
• SCHEMATIC STAGE
• DEV OF PRECEPTUAL, COGNITIVE, MOTOR SKILLS
• PRECEEDS WRITING

12
REGGIO EMILIA

• ART IS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED
  IN INTEGRATED PROJECTS
• LEARNING IS COLLABORATIVE BETWEEN KIDS, TEACHERS,
  PARENTS
• PROJECTS ARE LARGE IN TIME AND SPACE
• TRAINED ART TEACHER AT EACH SITE
• PROJECTS ARE DOCUMENTED

13
GENDER AND MOTOR DEV

• LITTLE RESEARCH OUTSIDE WHITE, MIDDLE CLASS
  FAMILIES
• BOYS GAIN MUSCLE MASS FASTER AND ARE STRONGER
• BOYS GENERALLY TAKE MORE RISKS AND ARE MORE
  ACTIVE

14
DEV LIFE SKILLS

• KIDS GAIN AUTONOMY BY DEV CARE OF SELF AND
  HOUSEHOLD SKILLS
• MONTESSORI EDUCATIONAL METHODS

15
PHYSICAL CHALLENGES

• NEUROLOGICAL AND PERCEPTUAL
• CP
• DOWN SYNDROME
• UNSPECIFIED GENERAL DELAY
• VISUAL AND HEARING

16
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

• ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS (ADA) REQUIRE
  REASONABLE ACCOMMODATIONS TO INCLUDE CHILDREN
  WITH DISABILITIES IN YOUR PROGRAM
• SEE PP 214-215 FOR COMMON ACCOMMODATIONS

17
ADD/ADHD

• ACTIVE, IMPULSIVE, DISTRACTED
• MOST EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS COMBINE DRUGS AND
  THERAPY
• SEE P 217 FOR INTERVENTIONS

18
MALNUTRITION

• APATHETICL, LISTLESS, INACTIVE
• NUMBERS ARE GROWING IN US
• OFTEN DUE TO POOR DIET, NOT BECAUSE OF SEVERE
  LACK OF FOOD
• FAST FOODS
• PROCESSED FOODS