CASE - Audit LVD

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The EU Training Programmefor Turkish Chamber
ExecutivesElectrical equipment

• Mr Henk de Pauw, Eurochambres expert
• henk.depauw_at_certif.be
• Ankara, 18 June 2009
• Istanbul, 19 June 2009

www.eurochambres.eu
Eurochambres Chamber House 19 A/D Avenue des
Arts B-1000 Brussels BelgiumTel 32 (0)2
282 08 50 Fax [phone] Email
eurochambres_at_eurochambres.eu
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Objectives of LVD

• eliminate trade barriers by technical
  harmonization
• achieve a protection level as high as possible in
  the area of electrical safety
• That means
• ensure that electrical equipment may be placed on
  the market only if, having been constructed
• in accordance with good engineering practice in
  safety matters in force in the Community
• it does not endanger the safety of persons,
  domestic animals or property
• when properly installed and maintained and used
  in applications for which it was made.

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Scope of LVD

• The low voltage directive (LVD) applies to
  electrical equipment intended for use within a
  voltage rating of 50 to 1000 V ac
  (alternating current) or 75-1500 V dc (direct
  current)
• Consumer products and equipment, like household
  devices, portable electric tools, lamps, wires,
  cabels, installation equipment
• constructed in accordance with principles
  accepted as constituting good engineering
  practice in relation to safety matters

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Scope of LVD - Exceptions -

• Equipment for use in an explosive atmosphere
• Equipment for radiology and medical purposes
• Parts for goods and passenger lifts
• Electricity supply metres
• Plugs and socket outlets for domestic use
• Fence Controllers
• radio interference suppression
• Specialised electrical equipment for use on
  ships, aircraft or railways

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Scope of LVD- Exceptions -

• battery operated devices 1)
• "Basic Elements"
• (simple electronic components) 2)
• transistor, diode
• thyristor (semi conductor controlled rectifier)
• rectifier
• integrated circuits
• filter, resistor
• electromechanical components (relais) ?
• 1) exception in discussion e.g. portable TV,
  flashgun
• 2) not definitely clarified

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Scope of LVD - CE-Marking possible -

• lamp sockets
• switches
• plugs
• transformers
• motors

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About Components

• Not to be subject for CE-marking
• Basic components to be incorporated into other
  electrical equipment, where the characteristics
  of the final product is depending on how there
  are integrated into the final product (e.g.
  integrated circuits, transistors, diodes,
  rectifiers, triacs, capacitors, inductance,
  resistors, filters)
• To be subject for CE-marking
• Electrical components which are intended for
  being incorporated into other electrical
  equipment, but for which a safety assessment is
  feasible (e.g. transformers and motors)
• Other components to build in (e.g. lamps,
  starters, fuses, switches for household use,
  elements of electrical installations

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Proof of Conformity

• Harmonised standards (Article 5)
• Must be listed in the national standards
  publication
• International Standards (Article 6)
• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• International Commission on the Rules for the
  Approval of Electrical Equipment (CEE)
• Must be published in the Official Journal of the
  European Communities
• Other Standards
• Standards in force in the Member State of
  manufacturer (Article 7 of the directive)
• Principal elements of the safety objectives
  (Annex I of the directive)

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Conformity Assessment procedures (Annex IV)

• Principal safety objectives
• Standards
• Annex I
• Technical Documentation
• (Annex IV)
• Production Control
• EC Declaration of Conformity (Annex II)
• CE-marking (Annex III)

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Safety objectives of LVD

• General conditions to keep safety objectives
• 1. Instructions
• essential characteristics, the recognition and
  observance of which will ensure, that electrical
  equipment will be used safely and in applications
  for which it was made,
• shall be marked on the equipment, or if this is
  not possible,
• on an accompanying notice
• 2. Origin
• The manufacturers or brand name or trade mark
  should be clearly printed on electrical equipment
  or, where that is not possible, on the packaging

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Safety objectives of LVD

• General conditions to keep safety objectives
• 3. Current supply
• The electrical equipment, together with its
  component parts should be made in such a way as
  to ensure that it can be safely and properly
  assembled and connected
• 4. Use and maintenance
• The electrical equipment should be so designed
  and manufactured as to ensure that protection
  against the hazards (set out in the following
  slides) is assured providing that the equipment
  is used in application for which is made and is
  adequately maintained

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Safety objectives of LVD

• Protection against hazards arising from
  electrical equipment
• Technical measures must be prescribed in order
  to ensure
• 5. Electric shock
• that persons and domestic animals are adequately
  protected against danger of physical injury or
  other harm which might be caused by electrical
  contact direct or indirect
• 6. Burns
• that temperatures, arcs or radiation which would
  cause a danger are not produced
• 7. Explosion and fire
• non-electric dangers caused by electrical
  equipment, which can be expected
• 8. Insulation solidity
• that the insulation must be suitable for
  forseeable conditions

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Safety objectives of LVD

• Protection against hazards which may be caused by
  external influences on electrical equipment
• Technical measures are to be laid down, in order
  to ensure
• 9. Shock proofed case
• that the electrical equipment meets the expected
  mechanical requirements
• 10. e.g. water protection
• that electrical equipment shall be resistant to
  non-mechanical influences in expected environment
  conditions
• 11. Safety switch
• that electrical equipment shall cause dangers in
  forseeable conditions of overload

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TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

• The technical documentation must be detailed
  enough to provide the means of assessing the
  conformity of the equipment to the safety
  requirements.

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TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

• The documentation shall include
• a description of the electrical equipment in
  question
• circuit diagrams
• design drawings and documents with results of
  calculations
• investigations and tests
• lists and descriptions identifying and explaining
  equipment
• function of the equipment and the standards used.
• Instructions for use, declaration of conformity,
  name of the manufacturer and any certificate that
  may have been issued

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Production control

• The manufacturer takes all necessary
  measurements, that the manufacturing process
  ensures
• the compliance of the manufactured products with
  the technical documentation and
• the compliance with the requirements of this
  Directive that apply to them

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LVD EC declaration of conformity

• must contain the following elements
• name and address of the manufacturer or his
  authorized respresentative established within the
  Community
• a description of the electrical equipment,
• reference to the harmonized standards,
• where appropriate, references to the
  specifications with which conformity is
  declared,
• identification of the signatory who has been
  empowered to enter into commitments on
  behalf of the manufacturer or his authorized
  representative established within the
  Community
• the last two digits of the year in which the CE
  marking was affixed (for the first time)
• The declaration of conformity must be drawn up
  at least in one of the official languages of the
  Community

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CE Marking

• The "CE" conformity marking is placed by the
  manufacturer, or his authorised representative
  established in the Community,
• on the electrical equipment or, failing that, on
  the packaging, the instructions for use or the
  guarantee
• The "CE" conformity marking must be affixed
  visibly, legibly and indelibly
• The affixing of markings which are likely to
  deceive third parties as to the meaning and form
  of the CE marking is prohibited
• minimum size 5 mm

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conformity assessment procedures
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Electrical equipment
Thank you Please feel free to contact
us eurochambres_at_eurochambres.eu
With the support of the European Commission
www.eurochambres.eu
Eurochambres Chamber House 19 A/D Avenue des
Arts B-1000 Brussels BelgiumTel 32 (0)2
282 08 50 Fax [phone] Email
eurochambres_at_eurochambres.eu