The Republic of Texas

1
The Republic of Texas
2
Houston Forms a Government

• Sam Houston - Pres.
• Mirabeau Lamar - V.P.
• Stephen F. Austin - Sec. of State dies Dec. 27,
  1836
• Approve the Const.
• and proposal to
• join the US
• Houston designated
• As the capital for
• 3 yrs.

3
Houston Faces Trouble With the Army

• Some soldiers wanted to invade Mexico
• War would be costly and controversial
• Sent soldiers home

4
The U.S. delays Annexation

• Many in Texas wanted this
• Mexico refused to recognize Texas
• Slavery

5
Recognition as a Nation

• Henry Morfit from the U.S. recommended to delay
• Recognition from came - March 3, 1837
• France recognized 9/25 39
• 1840 U.K. and Netherlands recognized

6
Native American Conflicts

• Raids
• Texas Rangers
• Houston tries to have peace
• Senate for republic refused to accept treaty

7
Texas Debt Soars

• Expenditures were greater than revenue
• Unpaid bills
• Debt 1.25 -2 million
• Tariffs
• Taxes
• Difficult to collect

8
Release of Santa Anna

• Santa Anna finally returns to Mexico March 1837
• Renounced all promises
• Mexico still refused to recognize our independence

9
Mirabeau Lamar Becomes President

• 122

10
The Father of Education in Texas
11
Education

• Citizens in a Republic Must be Educated !
• 18,000 Acres in Each County for Public Schools
• 288,000 Acres for 2 Universities

12
The Capital is Moved to Austin From Houston (1839)

13
Austin - Designed by Edwin Waller
14
Lamar and Natives

• Removal of Cherokees 1839
• Chief Bowles killed
• Moved to OK (N of Red River)

15
Comanches Raided
16
Texas Rangers Retaliate
17
Lamar Rebuilds the Navy
18
Santa Fe Expedition

• Trading center
• Soldiers, merchants 6/19, 1841
• Heat, lack of water/food, Native attacks
• Fighting
• Prisoners march to Mexico City
• Failure

19
Lamars Presidency Was Costly 7 Million in Debt
20
Redbacks

• 15 cents

21
123

• Houston Regains Presidency
• 1841
• Defeats David G. Burnet

22
Houstons Issues

• Lamars Debt
• Threat of invasion from Mexico
• Annexation by the United States

23
Attempts to Solve ?

• Sell the Navy ?
• Eliminated Government positions
• Peaceful dealings with Natives treaties signed

24
Mexico invaded Texas in response to failed Santa
Fe expedition

• Gen. Vasquez occupied San Antonio, Goliad,
  Refugio

25
Archives War

• Panic !
• Houston tries to move the Archives from Austin
  back to Houston
• Citizens resist

26
Mexican Army of 1,400 with General Woll invades
Texas

• San Antonio is temporarily occupied
• TX Rangers and militia drove them out of TX

27
General Woll
28
Captain Nick Dawson 35 killed
29
Mier Expedition

• Texans angered by Woll invasion
• 1842 Houston ordered Gen. Alex Somervell 750
  militia to patrol
• 300 soldiers wished to invade Mexico !
• Attacked Mier failed
• Surrendered to Gen. Ampudia 12/26/42

30
Mier, Mexico
31
Prisoners were marched to Mexico City

• Some escaped, but were recaptured

32
Santa Anna orders a Decimation
33
17 to die from 176

• If You Drew A Black Bean You Were Shot !
• Officers Drew First Black Beans Were At the Top

34
The drawing of the Black Beans
35
White Beans ?

• Sent to prison in Mexico City
• Some were pardoned, some escaped, some starved
• Sept. 1844 those remaining in prison were released

36
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37
Unrest in East Texas

• Houston also had to deal with disputes over land
  near old Neutral Ground
• Sent 600 soldiers into the area to bring about
  peace
• Convinced both sides to end the
  Regulator-Moderator War

38
Texas Becomes A State

• 124

39
Texas Question

• The TX Question had become important in US
  Politics
• Opposed- thought it would benefit southern slave
  holders
• and mean war w/ MX
• April 1844- treaty to become territory of US
• Senate response

40
1844 US Presidential Election

• James K. Polk supported annexation and defeated
  Henry Clay who was against immediate annexation.
  
• Polk
  Clay
• Victory showed
• most Americans
• supported
• annexation

41
Annexation Approved

• Joint resolution
• Feb. 1845- TX can join as soon as it approves
  annexation and adopts a State Constitution
• Resolution terms
• Anson Jones calls special session of Congress
• Dec. 29, 1845 Polk signs resolution to make TX a
  state

42
MX Offers Recognition

• Gr. Britain and Fr. Wanted TX to remain
  independent so they talked to MX
• May 1845 MX agreed to recognize TX IF they
  rejected annexation by the US
• TX voted to accept annexation

43
Good-bye Republic of Texas

• Feb. 19, 1846 Anson Jones, the last president of
  TX, turned over the government to J. Pickney
  Hendersonthe first governor of the state.
• TX became the 28th state!