Introducing XML

1
Introducing XML

• Maria Esteva
• DLSD
• General Libraries
• May 2004

2
XML

• Rules to build a mark-up language
• Open standard
• Unicode
• Preserves the purity of the content
• It is human readable
• Content and metadata
• Facilitates storing, exchanging,managing,preservin
  g data

3
XML basic components

• Prolog
• lt?xml version1.0?gt
• Elements
• ltnotegtltmessagegtthe messagelt/messagegtlt/notegt
• Attributes
• ltnote typepost-it id21.2 n 2
  placeupper leftgt

4
XML syntax

• Boundaries
• ltnotegt lt/notegt
• Roles
• ltnamegt lt/namegt
• Positions
• lttitlegt lt/titlegt
• ltpgt lt/pgt
• Nesting
• ltnotegt
• ltsalutationgtHelloltnamegtMark,lt/namegt lt/salutationgt
• ltmessagegt ltpgtI will see you tomorrowlt/pgt
  lt/messagegt
• ltfarewellgtBye and ltemphgtGood luck to you! ltemphgt
  lt/farewellgt
• ltsignaturegt ltnamegtMarialt/namegt lt/signaturegt
• lt/notegt
• Relationships
• ltxlinksgt outside/inside the document
• ltxpointersgt inside the hierarchy of the document

5
XML rules

• An element containing text or other elements must
  have start and end tags
• An empty elements tag must have a / before the
  end bracket
• ltpb n100/gt
• Nested elements may not overlap
• ltnotegtltmessagegtthis is the messagelt/messagegt
  lt/notegt
• All attribute values must be in quotes
• lttitle typesubgtAn Introductionlt/titlegt

6
XML tools

• Editors and parsers
• Cooktop FREE
• Xmetal
• Latest Microsoft Office
• Web browsers
• Internet Explorer
• Mozilla
• Opera
• Style-sheets

7
Lets try and mark-up!

• Consider the structure of your text
• Choose element names that make sense
• Think about what you would like to have indexed
  for that piece

8
Something simple

• lt?xml version"1.0"?gt
• ltDialoguegt
• ltspeakergt
• ltnamegtJo Annelt/namegt
• lt/speakergt
• ltlinegtI told you many times that I dont want
  to move to
• ltstategtArizona!lt/stategt
• lt/linegt
• ltspeakergt
• ltGendermalegtJosephlt/Gendermalegt
• lt/speakergt
• ltlinegtBut my dear,
• ltemphgtwe will make a new life therelt/emphgt
• lt/linegt
• ltspeakergtJo Annelt/speakergt
• ltlinegt
• ltdesperategtThe weather in Phoenix is
• ltemphgtsolt/emphgt
• dry, the humidity is always below

9
Why DTDs and schemas?

• Define rules to produce similarly structured
  documents
• DTD Defines structure elements and attributes of
  xml documents
• Schema Successor of the DTD,defines structure,
  content, and semantics of xml documents

10
XML et al..

• Prolog
• lt?xml version1.0?gt
• Namespaces
• ltDC xmlnsdchttp//purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/gt
• Notations
• lt!NOTATION JPEG PUBLIC 'ISO DIS 10918//NOTATION
  JPEG Graphics Format//EN'gt
• Entities
• lt!ENTITY author-b-003-f SYSTEM author-b-003-f.jpg
  " NDATA JPGgt
• lt!ENTITY author Jonas Smithgt
• ltbodygtltpgt author decided to write using the
  point of view of a child. While author was not
  convinced of the lt/pgtlt/bodygt

11
Some examples

• TEI
• EAD
• BUILDING your own DTDs / results
• METS

12
DTDs and schemas at DLSD

• TEI Text Encoding Initiative
• Header
• Content
• MODS Metadata Object Description Schema
• DC Dublin Core
• EAD Encoding Archival Description
• MIX Metadata for Images in XML Schema
• METS Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard

13
XML the end

• Bibliography
• Ray, E. (2001).Learning XML. O Reilly
• Acknowledgments
• Jennifer Lee
• Loretta Acevedo
• Aaron Choate
• Uri Kolodney