The Brain:

1
Chapter 4

• The Brain
• Source of Mind and Self

2
Welcome to the Wonderful World of
Neuropsychology, Biopsychology, neuroscience.

• Biological Psychology
• branch of psychology concerned with the links
  between biology and behavior
• some biological psychologists call themselves
  behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists,
  behavior geneticists, physiological
  psychologists, or biopsychologists

3
The Neuron

• The information processing and
  information-transmitting element of the nervous
  system.

4
Action Potential

• Action Potential
• A brief electro/chemical signal that travels down
  the axon to the terminal buttons.

5
The Synapse

• The synapse
• A junction between the terminal buttons of the
  sending cell and a portion of the membrane of the
  receiving cell

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The Flow of Transmission
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A Closer Look at a Neuron
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A Closer Look at a Terminal Button

• Neurotransmitter
• chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps
  between neurons

9
Neurotransmitters Fit like a Key
10
A Closer Look at Reuptake

• Reuptake
• the process by which sending neurons collects
  the excess neurotransmitter

11
Animation

• Neuron Communication Animation

12
Animation

• Neurotransmitters at work

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Neurotransmitters

• Serotonin
• a neurotransmitter that affects our mood, hunger,
  sleep, and arousal
• Dopamine
• influences our movement, learning, attention, and
  emotion

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How Neurotransmitters Influence us
Serotonin Pathways
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Types of Neurons

• Sensory Neuron
• take in information from the outside world and
  send it to the brain and spinal cord where the
  information is processed
• Motor Neuron
• tell our muscles to move when they receive a
  signal
• Interneuron
• small neurons between sensory neurons and motor
  neurons

16
The Nervous System
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The Brainstem

• Brainstem
• Oldest and inner most portion of the brain

• Reticular Formation
• this portion of the brain is responsible for
  arousal

• Thalamus
• Receives information from all of our bodys
  sensory organs (except smell)

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Limbic System

• Amgydala
• influences aggression and fear
• Hypothalamus
• Influences hunger, thirst, body temperature and
  even our sexual behavior
• Hippocampus
• involved in the processing of memory
• Pituitary
• Influences hormone release by other glands

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Four Lobes of the Brain

• Frontal lobe
• involved in speaking, muscle movements, thinking
  and planning
• Temporal lobe
• includes the auditory areas
• Parietal lobe
• includes the sensory cortex
• Occipital lobe
• visual area that receives visual information
  from eyes.

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Auditory and Visual Cortex
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Association Cortex
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Something cool