Module 2 Chapter 2

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Module 2Chapter 2

• Preamble and Article I Terms

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Cases

• Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Declared that
  African Americans were not, and could not be,
  American citizens. This case, which also
  invalidated the Missouri Compromise of 1820,
  helped serve as a catalyst to the Civil War and
  was overturned by the Fourteenth Amendment.
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Overturned a monopoly
  granted to steamboats by the state of New York on
  the basis that this monopoly interfered with
  piloting licenses granted to pilots of other
  ships by the national government.
• Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell
  (1934) In upholding the Minnesota Mortgage
  Moratorium Law, the Court indicated that it would
  give a much more liberal reading to the contract
  clause than the Court had given in the nineteenth
  century

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Cases

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Ruled that Congress
  had the implied power to establish a national
  bank and that the state of Maryland had no
  authority to tax it.
• Pollock v. Farmers Loan Trust Co. (1895)
  Invalidated the income tax as unconstitutional
  the decision was overturned by ratification of
  the Sixteenth Amendment.
• U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995) Decided that
  the qualifications listed for members in the
  Constitution were exclusive and that states could
  not add to this requirement by imposing their own
  term limits.

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Preamble and Article I Terms

• Appropriation A legislative grant of money to
  fund programs
• Articles and Sections of the Constitution
  Articles are subdivisions of the Constitution.
  Sections are subdivisions of Articles. The US
  Constitution has 7 Articles. Article I has 10
  sections.
• Bi cameral A two house legislature
• Bill of Attainder Pass a law creation a person
  guilty of a crime without a trial

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Preamble and Article I Terms

• Counterfeiting
• To make an illegal copy of something
• Dual Citizenship
• You are a citizen of the United States and the
  state in which you reside. The United States
  does not recognize being a citizen of the United
  States and another country.
• Duty of Tonnage
• A tax on as specific rate per ton of capacity.
  States may not use this form of tax
• Elastic Clause
• Article I, Section 8 which gives Congress the
  power to make laws necessary of proper to
  complete other responsibilities.

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Preamble and Article I Terms

• Emoluments Salary or payment
• Enumeration Population count done by census
  every 10 years
• Ex Post Facto Law A law that makes an act
  criminal although the act was legal when it was
  committed

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Preamble and Article I Terms

• Impeachment Charges against a President or
  Justice made by a majority of the House of
  Representative
• Implied Powers Non-specific constitutional
  powers stated to be necessary and proper for
  carrying out the other powers granted Congress
• Incompatibility Clause This clause prohibits any
  member of Congress from accepting an appointment
  for any other civil office of the US government
  during his/her active term.

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Preamble and Article I Terms

• Letters of Marquee and ReprisalA commission
  issued during a state of war by governments
  authorizing attach on ships to seize property of
  a hostile nation. Only the US national
  governments may issues these commissions. States
  are prohibited from doing so.
• Naturalization Process of becoming a citizen of
  the United States
• Posterity Decedents or people who come after us.

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Preamble and Article I Terms

• Preamble
• This is the introductory statement at the
  beginning of the Constitution stating the
  objectives of the document.
• Revenue Bills
• Bills for raising revenue, taxes etc. Revenue
  Bill must originate from the House of
  Representative.
• 3/5 Clause
• Slaves in the US were counted as 3/5 of a person
  for the purpose of (1) accessing state taxes on
  property or (2) counting toward the number of
  representative in the House which a State is
  allotted.