Warm Up

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Warm Up
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Ideas about Government
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The American colonies had taken a bold step in
declaring their independence from Great Britain
in July 1776, but their next political goal was
to form a new _______________.

• government

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English Laws and the Enlightenment
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2. One source of inspiration was the rule of
_______________, which makes even government
officials subject to law.

• law

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3. England had limited the _______________ of its
kings and queens in the Magna Carta and the
English Bill of Rights.

• power

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4. _______________, a document signed by King
John in 1215, made the king subject to law.

• Magna Carta

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5. The _______________, passed in 1689, declared
the supremacy of Parliament and kept the king or
queen from changing laws without Parliament's
consent.

• English Bill of Rights

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6. Many Americans were also influenced by the
_______________, a philosophical movement that
emphasized the use of reason to examine old ideas
and traditions.

• Enlightenment

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7. Philosopher ______________ believed that a
social contract existed between political rulers
and the people they ruled.

• John Locke

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8. _______________ argued that the only way to
achieve liberty was through the separation of
governmental powers.

• Baron de Montesquieu

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American Models of Government
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9. Americans had their own models of
_______________ to follow, like town meetings,
the Virginia House of Burgesses, and the
Mayflower Compact.

• self-government

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10. In 1639 the people of _______________ drew up
the English colonies first written constitution,
the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

• Connecticut

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11. A constitution is a set of basic principles
and laws that states the _______________ and
duties of the government.

• Powers

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12. In addition, the _______________ clearly set
forth the beliefs on which Americans thought
government should be based.

• Declaration of Independence

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State Constitutions
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13. To keep individual leaders from gaining too
much power, the new state constitutions created
_______________, or governments in which all
leaders have to obey the laws.

• limited governments

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14. Most state constitutions had rules to protect
the rights of _______________ or those accused of
crimes, and some banned slavery.

• citizens

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15. The _______________ constitution of 1780 is
the oldest state constitution still in effect.

• Massachusetts

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16. Thomas Jeffersons ideas about religious
freedom were included in the _______________,
which declared that no person could be forced to
attend a particular church or be required to pay
for a church with tax money.

• Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

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Right to Vote
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17. Under British rule, only free,
_______________that owned land could vote.

• white men

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18. Many states constitutions expanded
_______________, or the right to vote, by
allowing any white man who paid taxes to vote.

• suffrage

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19. In every state, only _______________ could
hold public office.

• Landowners

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20. Some states originally allowed _______________
and free African Americans to vote, but these
rights were soon taken away and suffrage would
not be restored to these groups for decades to
come.

• women

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Articles of Confederation
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21. The Second Continental Congress appointed a
_______________, with one member from each colony
to discuss and draft the Articles of
Confederation, the new national constitution.

• Committee of Thirteen

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22. Under the _______________, Congress would
become the national government, but it would have
limited powers in order to protect the liberties
of the people.

• Articles of Confederation

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23. Each state had _______________ in the
Congress to settle conflicts among the states,
issue coins, borrow money, and make treaties with
other countries and with Native Americans.

• one vote

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24. Congress could also ask the states for money
and soldiers but states had the power to
_______________ these requests.

• refuse

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25. The government did not have a _______________
or a national court system.

• president

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26. The Second Continental Congress passed the
Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777
and then sent it to each state legislature for
_______________, or official approval.

• ratification

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27. Conflicts over claims to western lands slowed
the process, but by 1779 every state except
_______________ had ratified the Articles.

• Maryland

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28. Marylands leaders refused to ratify until
other states gave up their western land
_______________.

• claims

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29. _______________ assured Maryland that western
lands would be made into new states, rather than
increasing territory for existing states.

• Thomas Jefferson

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30. In March of _______________ Maryland ratified
the Articles and the first national government of
the United States was put into effect.

• 1781

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Northwest Territory
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31. Congress passed the _______________, which
set up a system for surveying and dividing
western lands.

• Land Ordinance of 1785

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32. The land was split into townships, which were
36 square miles divided into 36 lots of
_______________ each.

• 640 acres

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33. One lot was reserved for a _______________,
four lots were given to veterans and the
remaining lots were sold to the public.

• public school

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34. To form a political system for the region,
Congress passed the _______________ of 1787,
which created a system for bringing new states
into the Union

• Northwest Ordinance

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35. The ordinance also established the
_______________, which included areas that are
now in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,
Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

• Northwest Territory

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36. Congress agreed that the Northwest Territory
would be divided into several smaller territories
with a _______________ appointed by Congress.

• governor

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37. When the population of a territory reached
_______________, its settlers could draft their
own constitution and ask to join the Union.

• 60,000

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38. In addition, the law protected civil
liberties and required that_______________ be
provided.

• public education

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39. Finally, the ordinance stated that there
shall be neither _______________ nor involuntary
servitude forced labor in theterritory.

• slavery

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40. Slavery was banned in the Territory but it
would continue to be a _______________.

• controversial issue

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Complete 1-3
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