The Thirty Meter Telescope Project: China Delegation Meeting

1
The Thirty Meter Telescope Project China
Delegation Meeting

• Gary H Sanders, TMT
• June 4, 2009

2
Goals for this meeting(For discussion)

• To establish a current list of technical
  capabilities exercised in China for astronomy
  telescopes and instrumentation that may be of
  interest to joint work in TMT
• To define a matrix of possible areas for Chinese
  participation in TMT design and construction,
  taking into account current partner interests and
  new opportunities
• To define areas of participation in TMT by China
  that are new opportunities
• To define action items for further exploration of
  Chinese-TMT opportunities
• To define the goals and possible itinerary for a
  technical visit by TMT to China

3
Agenda(for discussion)

• June 4th  9am-noon  TMT HQ
• Session  Introduction to LAMOST and TMT 
• (1) LAMOST project (Zhu) 40 minutes
• (2) Introduction to NIAOT (Zhu) 30minutes
• Break 20 minutes(3) Overview of TMT project
  (Sanders)  40 minutes
• (4) Discussions, Chinese technology interests and
  capabilities for TMT (All) (40minutes)
• 12 -- 1pm  Lunch at TMT HQ
• 130pm - 5pm
• Session Introduction to opportunities in TMT for
  new partners
• (1)  Telescope details (Larry Stepp)             
  (30minutes)
• Discussion --- 30 minutes
• (2)  Adaptive Optics (Brent Ellerbroek)          
  (30minutes)
• Discussion --- 30 minutesBreak  20minutes(3) 
  Instruments (Crampton)   (30minutes)
• Discussion 30 minutes
• 600pm Dinner at Athenaeum
• June 5th  9am -- 12 noon  TMT HQ
• Session Continues  Introduction to TMT and to
  opportunities in TMT for new partners
• (1)  Options for Chinese participation
                    --- Matrix of possibilities
  (Sanders)  45-60 minutes                ---
  Discussion on specific areas where China could
  contribute to TMT, export restrictions and formal
  issues, project governance and management,
  implementation plan
• Break  20 minutes

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
27.6 R
8
27.6 R
9
(No Transcript)
10
Light collection increases as D2
11
A Vision with TMT Distant GalaxiesTMT with
Adaptive Optics
Credit M. Bolte
12
TMT Aperture Advantagewith Adaptive Optics

• Seeing-limited observations and observations of
  resolved sources
• Background-limited AO observations of unresolved
  sources
• High-contrast AO observations of unresolved
  sources

13
Galactic Center Astrometry (Keck)
14
TMT Formation and Status
15
TMT Formation

• TMT responded to the 2001 US National Academy of
  Sciences Decadal Survey recommendation that a
  public-private partnership is the best way to
  build and operate a US-led 30-m telescope, the
  1st priority large ground-based project
• In 2003, the TMT partners unified teams from
  three precursor ELT studies
• This was a major step in joining private public
  sectors in optical astronomy

16
Three Precursor StudiesCELT, VLOT, GSMT
17

• 30m filled aperture, highly segmented
• Three mirror telescope
• f/1 primary
• Field of view 20 arcmin
• Elevation axis in front of the primary
• Wavelength 0.31 28 µm
• Operational 1 thru 65
• Seeing-limited mode
• Adaptive optics mode

18
Design Development Phase (DDP)

• April 2004 to March 2009 (completed)
• 80 million invested in design and development
• 50M provided from Gordon Betty Moore
  Foundation (Caltech/UC)
• 17.5M provided from Canada
• 10.0M funding provided by the US National
  Science Foundation through AURA
• 80 full-time equivalent staff working on TMT
• Site testing is complete
• Most systems now in Preliminary Design
• Critical components now fabricated and in test
• Team and design approaching construction readiness

19
Transition to Construction

• Transition to Construction
• This phase started April 2009
• Goals
• select site
• complete construction project readiness
• form the construction project partnership
• On site construction to start as early as October
  2010
• 300 million construction fund pledge already
  made by Moore Foundation, Caltech and UC
• First 30 million has just been sent to us
• This is a very good start !
• Construction Phase planned 2010 - 2018

20
Design Status
21
Observatory Layout Telescope
LGSF launch telescope
M2 support tripod
M2 structural hexapod
Tensional members
LGSF beam transfer
M2 hexagonal ring
M2 support columns
Elevation journal
Nasmyth platform
Azimuth cradle
Laser room
M1 cell
Azimuth truss
22
Secondary Mirror (M2) Design Studiesby NOAO,
CSA, Quartus, SAGEM
23
Tertiary Mirror (M3) Design Studiesby NOAO,
GDST, IMTEC
24
Nasmyth Configuration First Decade Instrument
Suite
25
Segment Size
26
Primary Mirror Segments

• TMT segmented mirror is an evolution of the Keck
  mirror
• TMT is now working with industrial partners to
  fabricate first full size TMT segments
• 36 segments, 1.8m, in each Keck telescope
• 84 segments fabricated
• Keck segment company is now working on TMT
  segments
• TMT needs 574 segments, 1.45m
• Polishing and segment module fabrication must be
  mass produced to cost and quality

27
Keck segment and support assembly
28
The TMT Primary Mirror System
29
The TMT Primary Mirror System
Prototypes of all M1 System components will be
built and tested by the end of the year
30
Segment Support AssemblyPrototype Testing
31
Primary Mirror Control SystemPhase 1 Test Bed
Phase 1 Test Bed transfer function measurements
31
32
Primary Mirror Control System (M1CS)
33
M1CS Actuator Prototypes
1st generation soft actuator (P1) Marjan Research
Piezo pump hydraulic actuator TPG
2nd generation soft actuator (P1) Marjan
Research
PZT/Motor hard actuator JPL
33
34
M1CS Sensor Prototypes
Inductive Sensors (Fogale)
Capacitive Sensor (LBNL)
Sensor built on flexible substrate
Flexible substrate sensor under test
TMT P1
Electroplated Sensor
34
35
Full Size Primary MirrorSegment Polishing
Underway
36
Full Size Primary MirrorSegment Polishing
Underway

• Development completed or in progress in firms in
  US, Europe, Japan
• Tinsley California
• ITT New York
• Zygo Connecticut
• SAGEM Paris (E-ELT)
• NanoOptonics Gifu
• Mitsubishi Hyogo
• Cranfield consortium UK (E-ELT)

37
Active Control Summary

• Item Keck TMT
• segment size 1.8m 1.45m
• segments 36 492
• edge sensors 168 2772
• actuators 108 1476

38
Progress on the TMT Telescope

• Primary mirror segments now being fabricated and
  tested
• Segment support systems, actuators, edge sensors
  fabricated and under test
• Secondary and tertiary mirror systems designed in
  parallel in multiple independent firms
• Telescope mount and structure is in Preliminary
  Design phase
• Structural and dynamic models demonstrate
  requirements are satisfied

39
Keck Laser Guide Star Facility
40
73 x 73 (4200) Actuator TMT AO Deformable Mirror
41
Deformable Mirror and Tip/Tilt Stage

• 20 Hz Tip/tilt stage prototype demonstration
  substantially exceeded our requirements

ü
Eliminates extra tip-tilt mirror !
42
Wavefront Correctors Prototyping Results
Prototype Tip/Tilt Stage
Simulated DM Wiring included in bandwidth
demonstration
Subscale DM with 9x9 actuators and 5 mm spacing
20 Hz Reqt
-3dB TTS bandwidth of 107 Hz at -35C
Low hysteresis of only 5-6 from -40 to 20 C
43
TMT AO Early Light Architecture

• Narrow Field IR AO System (NFIRAOS)
• MCAO LGS AO System
• Mounted on Nasmyth Platform
• Feeds 3 science instruments
• Laser Guide Star Facility (LGSF)
• Laser enclosure located within telescope azimuth
  structure
• Conventional optics for beam transport
• Laser launch telescope behind M2

NFIRAOS - 190nm RMS WFS - 60x60 order system - 2
DMs, 6 LGS, 3 TTF WFS - 800Hz
44
Progress on TMT Adaptive Optics

• Preliminary Design Review successfully passed in
  November 2008, validating design and performance
• Critical deformable mirror prototype passed
  actuation tests at low temperature
• Tip-tilt stage exceeded performance requirements
  in testing eliminating need for additional mirror
  in TMT
• Guidestar laser design based upon lasers now
  being delivered to Keck and Gemini
• Critical Real Time Controller computer design has
  passed design reviews

45
TMT Science Instruments
46
TMT Early Light Instrument Suite


47
Feasibility studies 2005-6 (concepts,
requirements, performance,)
IRIS
MIRES
HROS-UCSC
HROS-CASA
PFI
IRMOS-UF
WFOS-HIA
IRMOS-CIT
48
IRIS Infrared Imaging Spectrograph
Integral Field Spectrograph and Imager working at
the diffraction limit, 0.8 - 2.5mu

• Imager (Japan)
• 4K detector, 15 sq field, 4mas pixels
• Astrometric capability
• Lenslet IFS (UCLA)
• Finest scales
• Best wavefront error
• Image Slicer (Caltech)
• Coarser scales, larger fields
• Best sensitivity
• NGS wavefront sensors (HIA, Caltech)

2
IFU apertures
Imager
NGS guide probes (3)
49
IRIS Diffraction Limited Imager, Slicer and
Lenslet Integral Field Spectrograph
NFIRAOS MCAO system (Enclosure at -30C)

• Imager 17x17, 4 mas pixels
• Precision photometry
• 30microarcsec relative astrometry
• Lenslet Integral field Spectrograph
• 128 x 128 lenses
• Bandpass 5/exposure
• Finest scales (4, 9 mas), best wfe
• Slicer IFS
• 45 slices, field up to 2x4
• 25, 50 mas scales
• Best sensitivity
• IFSs share camera and detector

Imager
Lenslet and slicer foreoptics
Common camera and detector
50
WFOS Wide Field Optical Spectrograph

• WFOS the only seeing limited instrument at first
  light
• Needs to encompass more single object, broad
  wavelength discovery and follow-up science (as
  well as survey science)
• Should be relatively simple, easy to commission
• MOBIE Echelette design currently being studied
  by UCSC
• Full wavelength coverage even at highest
  resolution
• Simple, single barrel design with R1300 and
  R7500 and fixed dichroic beamsplitter at 550nm

51
Multi-Object Broadband Imaging Echellette (MOBIE)
52
A Cross-Section of IRMS

• Pupil Mechanism (Lyot Stop)

• Dewar Shell

• Grating/Mirror Exchange Turret

• Camera

• Filter Wheel Mechanism

• Collimator

• FCS Mirror

• Cold Shield

• Guider Optics

• Electronics Cabinet

• Dust Cover Mechanism

• Guider Optics

• Window Heater

• Vacuum Window

• Keck I Cassegrain Envelope

• Cryogenic Slit Mask Unit (CSU)

• G-10 Support Tube

• Cable Wrap

• Field Lens

• Rotator Module

• Inner Window

• Figure 21 Section view of MOSFIRE

53
MOSFIRE in Caltech Lab
TMT prototype MOSFIRE integration and test
proceeding well
54
Progress on TMT Science Instruments

• TMT Science Advisory Committee has advised
  project to include 8 instrument types for first
  TMT decade
• Broad community-based feasibility studies
  completed in 2006
• Conceptual design studies now underway for 2
  early light instruments IRIS and WFOS
• Third early light instrument is a copy of Keck
  MOSFIRE now being fabricated
• Additional first decade instrument studies
  planned in future as partnership forms
• New partners may participate in early light
  instruments as well as next round of instruments

55
Armazones Facility Design
56
Mauna Kea Facility Design
57
TMT Calotte Enclosure and Facility
TMT.PMO.PRE.08.012.REL01
57
58
TMT Calotte Enclosure
59
Aero-Thermal Effects Modeled
Dome seeing
Wind through opening
M2 buffeting
M1 seeing
M1 buffeting
Wind through vents
60
Z65o-A180o
Wind speed contours with 100 vents open (flow
along x, Uo 5 m/s)
61
From Construction Sequence Fixed Enclosure
Structural Steel
62
From Construction SequenceEnclosure Aperture
Ring

• Aperture ring girder (4T x 10m sections) is
  assembled on top of the falsework tower

63
Progress on TMT Facilities

• Summit facilities under design for construction
  start as early as October 2010
• Calotte enclosure is in Preliminary Design
• Computational fluid dynamics simulations and wind
  tunnel tests validate ventilation and wind
  protection requirements
• Construction and erection sequence planned in
  detail for summit facilities, calotte enclosure
  and telescope structure

64
Site Testing
65
Global Satellite Studies (Erasmus)Visible
Through Infrared Coverage
Introduction
Sample satellite images sectors of the study area
(18oN to 40oN and 96oW to 124oW) on March 20,
1998 at 0845UT Visible Infrared
window Water vaporchannel (0.55µm)
channel (10.7µm) channel (6.7µm)
66
Chile Site Locations
Tolar
La Silla Las Campanas AURA
ALMA
Santiago
Tolonchar
Armazones
Paranal
67
Armazones 3064m
T3
T2
68
4210m
T3
T2
69
Turbulence Profiles - Tolar

• Cn2 profile
• sorted by
• seeing

70
Progress in Selecting 5 ? 2 ? 1 Site

• All 5 TMT test sites have proven to be
  outstanding and would make fine sites for TMT
• There are differences in their attributes
• Mauna Kea (northern hemisphere) and Cerro
  Armazones (southern hemisphere) have been
  selected for further study and for regulatory,
  economic, legal and pragmatic consideration
• TMT Observatory Corporation has been recognized
  as an international organization by the
  government of Chile and our Chilean Environmental
  Impact Statement has been approved by Chilean
  authorities
• The Environmental Impact Statement process is now
  underway in Hawaii
• TMT Board site decision milestone is July 2009

71
The Project
72
Deliverable Oriented WBS to Level 3
73
Deliverable Oriented Project Organization
74
Current TMT Effort

• Pasadena Project Office 40 FTE
• AURA/ACURA/HIA/JPL/Caltech/UC 145 heads - 80
  FTE
• Individual technical consultants 26 heads
• Significant industry or laboratory contracts 32
• Current open Work Packages (overlaps contract
  count)
• ACURA 24
• AURA 17
• UC 13
• Caltech/JPL 12
• TOTAL - 66

75
TMT Construction Cost and Schedule

• Rigorously estimated with more than 840 estimate
  pages
• Schedule contains more than 4500 tasks
• Scope is complete observatory with facility AO
  and three early light instruments (IRIS, WFOS,
  IRMS)
• Budgeted Cost for TMT 759.7 million (2009US)
• Contingency 227.2 million at 29.9
• Total 986.8 million (2009US)
• This estimate is for the reference Armazones case

76
Schedule forDesign Development Phase (DDP)

• Start of DDP Apr 2004
• Selection of reference design Oct 2004
• Conceptual design review May 2006
• Cost review Sep 2006
• Construction Proposal review Jun 2007
• Site testing report Jun 2007
• Construction funding requests Oct 2007
• Design and site review Sep 2008
• End of DDP Mar 2009

77
Technically-Paced Reference Schedule for
Construction

• Start of transition phase April 2009
• Site selection July 2009
• On site construction - Chile Oct 2010
• On site construction - Hawaii Oct 2011
• First light, all segments phased Oct 2018
• Begin science with 1st instrument Dec 2018

78
Strong Funding Start
78
79
Summary

• TMT Design Development Phase is completed
• A detailed design has been achieved
• Critical components across many systems have been
  fabricated and are under test
• A strong core project team is in place
• Canada, Caltech, UC are partners in TMT
• Japan has signed agreement and is participating
  in TMT
• First construction funding has been raised
• During the current phase we will
• Complete readiness for construction
• Form the construction partnership
• Many opportunities exist for new partners in TMT

80
www.tmt.org/foundation-docs/index.html
TMT Foundation Documents

• Science Requirements Document
• Detailed Science Case 2007
• Observatory Requirements Document
• Observatory Architecture Document
• Operations Concept Document
• TMT Construction Proposal
• Currently in use for funding proposals

81
Acknowledgments

• The TMT Project gratefully acknowledges the
  support of the TMT partner institutions. They are
  the Association of Canadian Universities for
  Research in Astronomy (ACURA), the California
  Institute of Technology and the University of
  California. This work was supported as well by
  the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Canada
  Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Ministry
  of Research and Innovation, the National Research
  Council of Canada, the Natural Sciences and
  Engineering Research Council of Canada, the
  British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, the
  Association of Universities for Research in
  Astronomy (AURA) and the U.S. National Science
  Foundation.

82
(No Transcript)
83
Slides from second day
84
Stages to Partnership in TMT

• The first stage is Observer Status at the TMT
  board and the TMT Science Advisory Committee
  (SAC) that would provide increased familiarity
  with the project and would be initiated by an
  exchange of letters.
• Participant Status would be subsequently
  established with a Memorandum Of Understanding
  (MOU) indicating an intention to find and
  contribute funds to the project. This stage
  would include voting status on the SAC, detailed
  technical interaction with the project, and
  regular meetings with the TMT Strategy Group.
• NAOJ is a participant
• Full Partnership Status would be based on an
  agreement on the level of participation and would
  result in ownership that is exercised through
  membership on the board of directors of the TMT
  Observatory Corporation with full voting rights
  on all decisions taken by the board.
• Caltech, University of California and ACURA
  (Canada) are partners.

85
Export Restrictions

• The USA has legal restrictions on the export of
  certain information, technologies and equipment
• These apply to China
• Some of these restrictions will apply to TMT
  technology
• These restrictions should not prevent most joint
  activities involving TMT and China
• International science projects regularly deal
  with these restrictions
• We will respect these restrictions in forming any
  joint work
• We will apply for export licenses when possible

86
Example Opportunities in TMTfor New Partners

• Technical Systems
• Secondary Mirror System including optics,
  structures, controls
• Tertiary Mirror System including optics,
  structures, controls
• Primary Mirror System components including
  optics, structures, controls
• Laser Guide Star Facility (LGSF)
• Observatory Software and data systems
• Infrastructure
• Buildings, power plants, HVAC systems
• Steel, concrete, rebar, commodities, cranes
• Heavy construction
• Science Instruments collaborate in Early Light
  Instruments and AO systems
• Design, simulation, fabrication, supply
  components
• Scientific analysis and simulation

87
Mirror polishing(segments, secondary, tertiary)

• Primary mirror segments (possible roles for
  China)
• Generation of aspheric surface
• Polishing
• Cutting to hexagonal shape
• Final finishing after hex cut
• Manufacturing segment support assemblies
• Joining segment with support assembly
• Optical testing
• Cleaning systems
• Coating systems
• Secondary mirror subsystem (entire or partial
  system)
• Tertiary mirror subsystem (entire or partial
  system)

88
The TMT Primary Mirror System
89
Full Size Primary MirrorSegment Polishing
Underway
90
Secondary Mirror (M2) Design Studiesby NOAO,
CSA, Quartus, SAGEM
91
Tertiary Mirror (M3) Design Studiesby NOAO,
GDST, IMTEC
92
Material for segments(Chinese VO2 glass)

• Candidate round blanks needed for test
• Japan interested in providing Ohara Clearceram
  and in polishing all segments

93
Full Size Primary MirrorSegment Polishing
Underway
94
Active support and control for segments

• Segment support assembly system is designed and
  prototypes are being tested
• Chinese review of design and study of
  manufacturing, integration and test in China is a
  good opportunity
• Actuators and edge sensors may be part of this
  work

95
Instruments (spectrograph)

• Science teams on ALL instruments
• Postdocs, graduate students at UCLA, UCSC, other
  UC campuses, Caltech or HIA
• WFOS-MOBIE
• optics mountings for ADC, cameras,
  collimator(reflective), prisms
• IRMS
• fabricating and integrating components of MOSFIRE
  clone ( http//www.astro.ucla.
  edu/irlab/mosfire/)  with oversight and
  collaboration of UCLA and Caltech
• SUPERB opportunity to gain experience in
  cryogenic instruments.
• Future instruments
• leader or major partner in HROS or a new
  fibre-fed multi-object moderate resolution
  spectrograph
• Partner in any of the other first decade suite
  instruments IRMOS, NIRES, PFI (coronagraph?),
  MIRES, IRMOS, WIRC

96
Laser launch telescope, AO relay

• Conceptual design for Laser Guide Star Facility
  (LGSF) exists for version with beam transport in
  air
• Laser likely to come from USA or Europe
• Opportunity to complete entire design of LGSF,
  fabricate, assemble, integrate and test LGSF is
  an excellent open opportunity
• If China were involved in Secondary Mirror
  subsystem, laser launch telescope would benefit
  from coordinated work in China

97
LGSF Design Approach

• Design consists of 3 systems
• Laser System within telescope azimuth structure
• BTO/LLT System, to transport beams to the
  telescope top end and project them from the LLT.
• Laser Safety System for protection of people,
  observatory hardware, aircraft and neighboring
  telescopes.
• Design based upon existing LGSF systems (i.e.
  Gemini North and Gemini South).

98
LGSF Optical Schematic
99
LGSF Top End Conceptual Design

• Diagnostic optical bench monitors beam alignment,
  power, and quality
• Asterism generator maps 3x3 pattern of beams into
  desired asterism
• Rotating K mirror maintains fixed asterism at the
  LGS wavefront sensor focal plane
• Laser launch telescope projects beams onto sky
• 0.5m aperture
• Off axis reflective design
• Pivot mount for telescope top end flexure
  compensation
• Convex secondary could be upgraded to DM for Up
  link AO
• 11 mirrors per beam (4 actuated)

100
Enclosure

• DSL (Canada) has firm commitment to deliver the
  rotating enclosure
• Fixed base enclosure is a substantial project
  that could be done by China
• Current design by M3 Engineering, Tucson, Arizona
• All fixed summit facilities could be constructed
  by China

101
From Construction Sequence Fixed Enclosure
Structural Steel
102
Armazones Facility Design
103
Mauna Kea Facility Design
104
Chinese engineers join otherparts of the work

• This is welcome in most areas of TMT
• Graduate student, postdoctoral fellows, and more
  senior engineers and scientists may join other
  parts of the work
• Working in China
• Visiting TMT, Caltech, University of California,
  Canada institutions
• Such work done as visitors in USA and Canada may
  be a very good way to learn details, begin to
  contribute to work, guide the development of the
  Chinese role in TMT, build personal and
  institutional partnership

105
Summary

• TMT Design Development Phase is completed
• A detailed design has been achieved
• Critical components across many systems have been
  fabricated and are under test
• A strong core project team is in place
• Canada, Caltech, UC are partners in TMT
• Japan has signed agreement and is participating
  in TMT
• First construction funding has been raised
• During the current phase we will
• Complete readiness for construction
• Form the construction partnership
• Many opportunities exist for new partners in TMT