2nd Continental Congress Forms a Union

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2nd Continental Congress Forms a Union

• Articles of Confederation serve as the central
  government guiding the country through the War of
  Independence

• Provided a weak central government
• One vote per state

• Could make coins and borrow money Could negotiate
  treaties with the American Indians Could settle
  state disputes Could ask states for money and
  soldiers

• no President or court system
• Changes to the Articles had to be unanimous (all
  13 states
• had to approve)

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Northwest OrdinanceBecoming a State
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Problems in the New Nation

• Foreign countries and States lack respect for the
  U. S.
• Loss of trade with Great Britain
• Lack of regulation for interstate commerce
• State debt
• Shays Rebellion

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Shays Rebellion 1786-87

• Farmers losing homes
• Unresponsive Mass. Legislature
• High property taxes
• High interest rates
• Foreclosure sales
• Farmers closed down courts
• Plans to take weapons arsenal
• Guilty of TREASON ..
• Pardoned
• Need for stronger (new) govt.

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Successes of the Articles

• LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785
• TOWNSHIPS 6 x 6 MILES
• 1 per acre
• Money for education
• NORTHWEST ORDINANCE OF 1787
• Organized government
• 5 states (including Illinois)
• No slavery allowed

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George Washington Serves as President of the
Constitutional Convention
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The Constitutional Convention

• To REVISE the Articles
• Summer of 1787 (Philadelphia)
• Secret meetings
• George Washington- President
• James Madison- main writer
• Ben Franklin- oldest glue wit and humor
• John Adams and T. Jefferson absent

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Virginia Plan

• Madisons proposal
• Large state plan
• Bicameral legislature
• Representation based on population
• Assembly elected by people
• Senate chosen by Assembly

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New Jersey Plan

• Small state plan
• Unicameral legislature
• Equal representation for states

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Great Compromise

• BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE (2 House)
• SENATE 2 reps PER STATE
• HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
• Reps. based on population
• Minimum of 1 Rep.

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Three-fifths Compromise

• How should slaves be counted for population
  purposes?
• SOUTH count all
• NORTH dont count
• 5 slaves 3 people
• DO THE MATH
• 1000 SLAVES ???? PEOPLE
• 25,000 SLAVES ???? PEOPLE

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Three Branches of Government
EXECUTIVEBRANCH
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
JUDICIAL BRANCH
Each Branches Checks the Other
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Lets Get It On!

• 9 states had to approve Constitution
• Two opposing groups
• Federalists (supporters of strong Constitution)
• Anti-Federalists (against ratification)
• NOT ENOUGH POWER FOR STATES
• FED. GOVT. TOO STRONG
• FEARED TAXATION POWER OF FED. GOVT.
• NO BILL OF RIGHTS
• WRITTEN BY THE WELL-TO-DO
• FAVORED NORTHEASTERN STATES (TARIFFS)
• 9 states ratified by 1788
• All states by 1790

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Federalism
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Federalists Celebrate in New York
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