SOL REVIEW GOVERNMENT COLONIZATION THROUGH THE CIVIL WAR

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SOL REVIEW GOVERNMENT COLONIZATION THROUGH THE
CIVIL WAR
2
What agreement signed by the male settlers at
Plymouth helped establish the notion of
self-government in the Americas?
3
The Mayflower Compact
4
Where did the Puritans practice a form of direct
democracy?
5
At Town Meetings
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What was the first elected assembly (lawmaking
body) in the New World?
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The House of Burgesses
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What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
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Forbid American colonists to move west of the
Appalachian Mountains
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What is the name of Great Britains lawmaking
body?
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Parliament
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Who issued the Proclamation of 1763?
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The British governmentor King George III
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Who wrote Common Sense?
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Thomas Paine
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What did Common Sense say?
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Challenged the rule of the American colonies by
the King of England
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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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Thomas Jefferson
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Who was John Locke?
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English political philosopherLockes ideas
influenced Thomas Jefferson
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Who wrote that government should protect Life,
Liberty, and Property?
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John Locke
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Who wrote that all men have the right to Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness?
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Thomas Jefferson
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Whose ideas did Thomas Jefferson borrow when he
wrote the Declaration of Independence?
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John LockeThomas Paine
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• What is a republic?

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A representative democracy
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• What is the
• basic principle of
• republican government?

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The people elect representatives who make the
laws.
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• What was the first attempt at workable government
  in the United States?

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The Articles of Confederation
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• What was wrong with the government under the
  Articles of Confederation?

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It was too weak!
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• What does the legislative branch of a government
  do?

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Makes the laws
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• What does the judicial branch of a government do?

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Interprets or explains the meaning of the laws
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• What does the executive branch do?

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Enforces the laws
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What was the Virginia Plan?
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A framework proposed by the Virginia delegation
to the Constitutional Convention under which the
national government would have a legislature
consisting of two houses. Representation in both
houses would be based on population. Big states
would have more representatives.
44
What was the New Jersey Plan?
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A framework proposed by the New Jersey delegation
to the Constitutional Convention under which the
national government would have a legislature
consisting of one house. Under the New Jersey
Plan each state had one vote. This plan
benefited small states.
46
What was the Great Compromise or Connecticut
Compromise?
47
A plan providing for a two-house Congress in
which the people would be represented in a House
of Representatives and the states in the Senate.
In other words, the House of Rep. would be based
on population, while each state would have 2 U.S.
senators.
48
Which one became part of the Constitution the
Va. Plan, the N.J. Plan, or the Great Compromise?
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The Great Compromise
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What was the Great Compromise or Connecticut
Compromise?
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A plan providing for a two-house Congress in
which the people would be represented in a House
of Representatives and the states in the Senate.
In other words, the House of Rep. would be based
on population, while each state would have 2 U.S.
senators.
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What is federalism?
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The division of power in the United States
between the national government and the state
governments.
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Who leads the executive branch of the federal
government?
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The President
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Who leads the judicial branch of the federal
government?
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The Supreme Court
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What is the name of the legislative branch of the
federal government?
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Congress
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What are the two houses of Congress?
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1. The House of Representatives2. The United
States Senate
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How is a states membership in the Senate
decided?
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Two senators from each state
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How is a states membership in the House of
Representatives decided?
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By Population States with large populations have
more representatives than states with small
populations.
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What is separation of powers?
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The division of power among different branches
of government.
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What is the checks and balances system?
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A system of government by which each branch of
government can check or stop the actions of the
other branches
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• How many states had to ratify or approve the
  Constitution before it could take effect?

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9 States
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What is the Bill of Rights?
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution
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What was the basic idea of the Virginia
Declaration of Rights?
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That government should not violate basic human
rights.
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Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?
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George Mason
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Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
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Thomas Jefferson
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• What two documents did Madison consult when he
  was working on the Bill of Rights?

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The Virginia Declaration of Rights and the
Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
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What did the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom do?
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1. Outlawed the established church in
Virginia2. Supported the idea of freedom of
religion
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What rights does the First Amendment guarantee?
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Freedom of speech, freedom of the press,
freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and the
right of petition
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What does the term ratify mean?
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Approve
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To what did the phrase ratification of the
Constitution refer?
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9 states approving the Constitution, so that it
would take effect
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What First Amendment freedom allows people to
gather at public meetings?
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Freedom of Assembly
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What First Amendment freedom allows Americans to
make written requests to make changes in the
government?
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Freedom of Petition
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On what document was the Bill of Rights based?
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The Virginia Declaration of Rights
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What is a constitutional amendment?
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An addition to the Constitution
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Define political party.

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A group of people with similar beliefs about how
to run the government.
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Who led the Federalists?
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Alexander HamiltonJohn Adams
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What were the beliefs of the Federalists?
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1. Strong national government2. Industrial
economy (factories or manufacturing)
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Who led the Republicans?
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Thomas JeffersonJames Madison
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What were the beliefs of the Democratic-Republi
cans?
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1. Weak national government2. Strong state
governments3. Agricultural economy (farming)
108
Who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
during the first 30 years of the 19th century?
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John Marshall
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Why were the Marshall courts decisions important?
111
Made the federal courts a co-equal branch of the
United States government
112
How did the Supreme Court rule in Marbury v.
Madison?
113
Declared a federal law unconstitutional
114
What is the power of judicial review?
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A courts power to declare a law unconstitutional
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What is the Supreme Courts main check on the
power of Congress?
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Judicial Review
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How did the Marshall court rule in McCulloch v.
Maryland?
119
Forbid the states from taxing agencies of the
federal governmentDeclared a Maryland state law
unconstitutional
120
Who said the power to tax is the power to
destroy?
121
John Marshall
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Why was McCulloch v. Maryland important?
123
Established the power of the federal government
over the statesStrengthened the federal courts
power of judicial review
124
What is a republic?
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A Representative DemocracyThe People elect
representatives to make the laws
126
What is a bill?
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A proposed law
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What is an act?
129
A Law
130
What political party was formed in opposition to
the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
131
The Republican Party
132
What was the Supreme Courts decision in the Dred
Scott case?
133

• Since Dred Scott was a slave, he could not sue in
  federal court
• African-Americans were not citizens of the United
  States
• Since Congress had no power to prohibit slavery
  in the territories, the Missouri Compromise was
  unconstitutional

134
What did the Dred Scott decision say about the
Missouri Compromise?
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The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
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In Dred Scott v. Sandford did the Supreme Court
rule that Scott should remain a slave or gain his
freedom?
137
Remain a slave
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What power did the Supreme Court use in Dred
Scott v. Sandford?
139
The power of judicial review
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By the end of the 1850s, what did Southerners
argue states could do?
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States could nullify laws passed by
CongressStates could secede from the Union
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What did it mean for a state to nullify a law?
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Void itDo Away with it
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What did it mean for a state to secede?
145
Leave the Union
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What did several Southern states do, when Lincoln
won the 1860 presidential election?
147
Seceded from the Union
148
What constitutional debate did the Civil War
involve?
149
Federal Power vs. States Rights
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What country did the seceded Southern states form
in 1861?
151
The Confederate States of America orThe
Confederacy
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What did it mean for a state to secede from the
Union?
153
Leave the Union, orWithdraw from the Union