Relations with Other Countries

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Relations with Other Countries
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No President!!!!
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Under the _______________, Congress could not
force states to provide soldiers for an army.

• Articles of Confederation

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2. The Continental Army had _______________, or
dissolved, soon after the signing of the Treaty
of Paris of 1783.

• disbanded

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3. Without an army, the national government found
it difficult to protect its ________ against
foreign threats.

• citizens

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Trouble with Britain
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4. The United States found it especially hard to
get the British to turn over with all convenient
speed their _______________ on the American side
of the Great Lakes as stated in the Treaty of
Paris of 1783.

• forts

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5. A British official warned that thousands of
British soldiers in _______________ were ready
to fly to arms at a moments warning, if force
was used against the forts.

• Canada

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Trade with Britain
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6. The United States also faced problems trading
because Britain closed many of its _______________
to American ships.

• ports

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7. In addition, Britain forced American merchants
to pay high _______________ on goods such as
rice, tobacco, tar, and oil that were grown or
mined in the United States.

• tariffs

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8. Merchants had to raise their _______________
to cover the tariffs and the economic condition
of the country was getting worse by the day.

• prices

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Trade with Spain
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9. Western farmers and merchants were furious in
1784 when Spanish officials closed the lower
_______________ to U.S. shipping because the
farmers used the river to send goods to eastern
and foreign markets.

• Mississippi River

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10. Congress tried to work out an agreement with
Spain, but the plan did not receive a
_______________ in Congress and Spain backed out
of the negotiations.

• majority vote

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11. Many state leaders began to criticize the
national government because they believed the
national government needed to be more
_______________.

• powerful

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Impact of Closed Markets
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12. The closing of markets in the _______________
to American farmers seriously affected the U.S.
economy.

• British West Indies

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13. They also had to hire _______________ to
carry their goods to British markets, which was
very expensive.

• British ships

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14. American _______________ dropped while
British goods flowed freely into the United
States.

• exports

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15. American businesses were hurt because British
merchants could sell manufactured products in the
United States at much _______________ prices than
locally made goods.

• lower

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16. The _______________ could not correct the
problem because it did not have the authority
either to pass tariffs or to order the states to
pass tariffs.

• Confederation Congress

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17. Most states did not _______________ in trade
matters. Instead, states worked only to increase
their own trade rather than working to improve
the trade situation for the whole country.

• cooperate

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18. In 1785 the situation led a British magazine
to call the new nation the _______________.

• Dis-United States

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19. American merchants began looking for other
markets such as _______________, France, and the
Netherlands.

• China

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20. Despite such attempts, _______________
remained the most important trading partner of
the United States.

• Britain

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Economic Problems
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21. Trade problems among the states,
_______________, and a weak economy plagued the
states.

• war debts

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Trade among States
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22. Because the Confederation Congress had no
power to regulate _______________, states
followed their own trade interests.

• interstate commerce

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23. Trade laws differed from state to state
making trade difficult for merchants whose
businesses crossed ________________.

• state lines

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Inflation
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24. After the _______________, most states had a
hard time paying off war debts and struggled to
collect overdue taxes.

• Revolutionary War

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25. To ease this hardship, some states began
_______________large amounts of paper money and
the result was inflation. This money had little
or no real value, because states did not have
gold or silver reserves to back it up.

• printing

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26. _______________occurs when there are
increased prices for goods and services combined
with the reduced value of money.

• Inflation

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27. Congress had no power to stop states from
issuing more _______________ and thus stop
inflation.

• paper money

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Weak Economy
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28. When the state legislature in Rhode Island
printed large amounts of paper money it
made _______________ happy because they could pay
back their debts with paper money worth less than
the coins they had borrowed.

• debtors

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29. ______________ were upset and hundreds of
them fled Rhode Island to avoid being paid back
with worthless money.

• Creditors

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30. The loss of _______________ with Britain
combined with inflation created a depression.

• trade

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31. A ______________ is a period of low economic
activity combined with a rise in unemployment.

• depression

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Shays's Rebellion
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32. _______________ refused to print worthless
paper money and tried to pay its war debts by
collecting taxes on land.

• Massachusetts

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Heavy Debts for Farmers
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33. Massachusettss landowners had to pay the new
taxes but farmers already had trouble paying
their debts so courts began forcing them to sell
their ________________.

• property

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34. Some farmers had to serve terms in
_______________ others had to sell their labor.

• debtors prison

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35. Many _______________ in the state did not
care about the problems of poor farmers
especially because some farmers actually owed
these leaders money.

• government leaders

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Farmers Rebel
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36. In August 1786, farmers in _______________
western counties closed down courts in western
Massachusetts so that no ones property could be
taken.

• three

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37. Revolutionary War veteran _______________,
led hundreds of farmers in a forced shutdown of
the Supreme Court in Springfield, Massachusetts
in September to protest high taxes and heavy debt
in an uprising known as Shays Rebellion.

• Daniel Shays

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Shayss Defeat
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38. Shayss forces were defeated by state troops
in January 1787 and _______________ were
sentenced to death and many more in prison.

• leaders

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39. However, the state soon _______________ most
of the rebels, including Shays because state
officials knew that many citizens of the state
agreed with the rebels and their cause.

• freed

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Calls for Change
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40. Shayss Rebellion showed that the
_______________ had failed to protect the ideals
of liberty set forth in the Declaration of
Independence because Congress had no means of
helping Massachusetts to put down the rebellion.

• Articles of Confederation

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41. Americans began calling for a
stronger _______________ and leaders who would be
able to protect the nation in times of crisis.

• central government

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42. The _______________ legislature called for a
national conference to talk about economic
problems and ways to change the Articles of
Confederation. The meeting took place in
Annapolis, Maryland, in September 1786.

• Virginia

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43. _______________ decided to send delegates to
the Annapolis Convention but some of their
delegates were late and missed the meeting.

• Nine states

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44. Connecticut, _______________, Maryland, and
South Carolina did not respond to the request at
all and sent no delegates.

• Georgia

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45. Because of the poor attendance, the
participants, including _______________ and
Alexander Hamilton, called on all 13 states to
send delegates to a Constitutional Convention in
Philadelphia in May 1787 to revise the Articles
of Confederation to better meet the needs of the
nation.

• James Madison

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1. a. Great Britainrefused to hand over forts,
closed ports to U.S. ships, set high tariffs
Spainclosed Mississippi to U.S. shipping b.
possible answercould go to war because of
problems stated in previous answer 2. a. Lack of
regulation and lack of cooperation between states
made trade difficult for some merchants. b. Some
states began printing large amounts of paper
money little could be done. 3. a. Heavy taxes
forced farmers to sell their land or else go into
debt and risk imprisonment. b. Answers should
show an understanding of the rebels anger over
high taxes. 4. a. weaknesses in Articles of
Confederation, poor attendance at Annapolis
Convention b. convinced many Americans that
the Articles of Confederation were too weak