Title: Emergency and Disaster Systems in a pandemic phase as a response of the Health services
1Emergency and Disaster Systems in a pandemic
phase as a response of the Health services
Pan American Health Organization World Health
Organization
2- Multiple epidemics have caused great human death
rates throughout history. - These epidemics have had and will continue to
have a very different impact on society, a
critical point being the difficulty in the
management of the crisis that countries face with
any catastrophe. - The number of cases in a pandemic can be less
relevant than the presence of the disease in
itself. The six deaths by anthrax in the United
States and the 44 deaths by SARS in Canada caused
enormous social and economic repercussions which
shows that we are not very prepared for the
management of such crisis.
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4Pandemic Crises
- Require a multi sector and inter disciplinary
focus - Health is only a part of the entire context, the
fundamental problem is the integral health of the
population.
5COE Multi-sector
COE HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
FOOD AND NUTRITIONSAFETY
PRE AND HOSPITAL ATTENTION
LOGISTICS
MATERNAL YOUTH
COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION
MENTAL HEALTH
PUBLIC RELATIONS
EXTERNAL COOPERATION
SHELTER ATTENTIONAND CONTROL
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EDAN HEALTH
6Characteristics of Sanitary Crises
- Fear
- Decision making influence
- Rumor investigation
- Health personnel and public health
- Safety
- Health is not in charge of the situation!
- Specific technical aspects
- Possibility of unknown agents
- Economy
- Economic criteria tends to prevail
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8Avoid distracting resources
- Countries face many risk problems and one of the
risks today is the possibility of an influenza
pandemic. - A balance must be kept between the most important
priorities in terms of development as well as
risks. - Each month more than 1 million people die from
transmissible diseases and in a short period of
time AIDS will be the greatest human pandemic
with 45 million infected people and 22 million
deaths.
9Build a general response capacity
- It is impossible to be prepared for all
scenarios. - It is necessary to work with all the players
within and outside of the health sector,
especially with parties related to individual and
massive emergencies. - Coordinate with the responsible national
institutions responsible for the prevention and
attention of disasters.
10National Players
- Within the same country, other spokespersons
compete for the lead role as well as national and
international attention - Agricultural Sector
- Health Sector
- Civil Protection
- Presidency of the Republic
11Contacts outside of the Country
FOREIGNRELATIONS
PRESIDENCY
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
COUNTRY AFFECTEDBY THE CRISIS
HEALTHMINISTRY
CIVIL DEFENCE
RED CROSS/ NGOs
MUNICIPALITIES
HOSPITALS
12International Players
WB
UNHCR
CARE
ECHO
CDC
USAID
CIDA
OCHA
MERCOSUR
CDERA
Cruz Roja
OXFAM
IADB
PADF
OPS/OMS
DFID
WFP
IICA
CRS
OAS
IDB
ICRC
UNFPA
SICA/CEPREDENAC
CAN/CAPRADE
MSF
UNICEF
IFRC
ORAS/CONHU
13Bird Influenza
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15Human cases of Avian Influenza
16The current priority is to control the bird
influenza
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18Beginning of the pandemic
- The first cases generate a crisis.
- There will be an economic impact before it
becomes a sanitary emergency.
19Potential Impact of Avian Influenza in LAC
- Population at risk
- 600 million people in LAC
- 194 million people living in rural areas
- 5 billion domestic birds in LAC
- Economy
- Poultry production (around US 18,5 billion
dollars). - Egg production (around US 5 billion dollars).
- Imposition of barriers to commerce.
- Food Safety
- Poultry comprises 40 of the animal protein
consumed in the Region. - Employment in poultry production chain
- Environment (carcass disposal)
- Tourism
- The tourism sector in the Caribbean contributes
to
31 for the
Gross Domestic Product and employs 500,000 people.
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21Multi sector Response
- The influenza pandemic will require a multi
sector response - Mobilization of many public and private
institutions - National and local mechanisms exist for the
response to emergency and disasters. - The health sector must lead the response to the
influenza pandemic. - Countries and hospitals with proven plans will be
in a better place to make decisions and take
actions quickly.
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23Dissemination
- Delaying the initiation of the pandemic is
essential to get more time for the
institutionalization of the response mechanisms. - Once the pandemic virus is disseminate, it will
affect all the public and private services.
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25Scenario at the beginning of the Pandemic
- Absence and then competence of the first
available vaccines. - Health services will be saturated by the public
searching for medical attention. - Many hospitals will need to adapt their services
including the flow of patients, hospitalization,
emergency, intensive care, etc. - The government will have to decide whether to
close or not places where people are concentrated
such as schools, markets, stadiums, malls and
other places and buildings. - Disorder due to fear and disease in the security
forces, schools, economic sector, health
personnel, etc, - Scarcity or lack of antivirals. This could create
conflicts in theirdistribution.
26Mechanisms for national response
- Implementation of the contingency plan.
- Activate the Committee and Emergency Operations
Center. - Mobilize multi sector capacity for a fast
preparation and initiation of the response - Mobilize emergency response equipment.
- Mobilize financial resources for the pandemic
response. - Implement procedures and logistics mechanisms.
27Other Actions
- Risk Communication
- Extension of the health services capacity.
- Distribution and prescription of antivirals.
- Vaccination of high risk populations.
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions
- Quarantine and distancing mechanisms.
- Travel and business restrictions.
- Recommendations for international transportation.
28Conclusions
- It is possible that the people not participating
in the seminars, simulations, planning, etc, are
the ones that will really make the decisions. - Authorities in other sectors will be essential at
the beginning, during and after the pandemic. - No emergency or disaster takes place in
accordance with what is planned. - The sending of human and logistics resources will
require a well planned mobilization. - Each week in the delay and containment is
important in order to reduce the economic and
social impact. - New problems will require new resources.