INDIAN OVERVIEW:

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INDIAN OVERVIEW A.P. MITRA Chennai July 13,
2006
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1991 METHANE CAMPAIGN
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CHRONOLOGY
ABC NATCOM II
NATCOM I
2003-2004
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Year of Operation
1990
1992
1997
1996-1998
1998
2002
N2O,
CO2 , CH4 N2O, NOx, CO, NMVOC
CH4  
Gases
CO2 CH4  
CO2 CH4  
CH4
IPCC accepts seasonally integrated approach and
new classification of rice fieldsbased on water
regimes
1998 methane campaign, CH4 emission
coefficients developed for rice paddied grown
on organically amended soils in India
Additional sources Biomass burning, cement
manufacturing, oil methodology or animal
manure, crop residue, soils and municipal solid
waste
Mostly all sources
-Fossil -Fuel, -Rice -Animals
-Transport, -Coal mines, -1992 CH4 camp.
-Tier-II method animals  
Sectors
1990, 1994, 1998 and 2000
Base year
1990
1990
1990
1998
1990-1995
Ref.
ALGAS, India, 1998
MAC Asia report, 1999
Present report
Parashar et. al., 1997
Mitra, 1991
Mitra, 1992
1990 1992
1997
1998 2000 2002
Chronology of development of Inventory by NPL
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ALGAS MAC 98
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Until 1999
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INDOEX Brown Cloud
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NATCOM
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Uncertainty Reduction Institutional Arrangement
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Experimental Set-up for Agriculture Residue Open
Burning
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Field Measurements in Agriculture Residue Open
Burning
At Surface (Ambient air)
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Methane budget estimates from Indian rice
ecosystems for the base year 1994
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AIF (gm-2) 2.42 0.92
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Dung cake (in Gg) utilization/ burning for
heating purpose in different states of India
(Year 1990)
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Measurements for emission factors of CH4, CO, N2O
and NOx from Agriculture residue/ Dung, utilizing
burn chamber facility at NPL.
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Dairy Cattle Emission factor vs. Milk yield
IPCC default values NDRI average value for milk
yield for Indian bred CLRI average value for milk
yield for Indian bred
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Emission Factor Vs. Body Weight
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ABC
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Flue Gas Sample Collection
R Uma, TERI
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Comparison of CO Emission factors
Category IPCC (Emission ratio w.r.t. CO2) Zhang et al. (g/kg) Uma et al. (g/kg) Prasad et al. (Emission ratio w.r.t. CO2)
Fuel wood 0.06 78 66
Dung 0.06 43 50
Crop residue 0.06 77 66
Charcoal 275
Kerosene 62
Open tropical dry deciduous forest burning 12.3-12.5
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Comparison of Emission Factors for Organic Carbon
and Black Carbon (g/kg)  
Comparison of Emission Factors (g/kg) of BC and OC
 
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NATCOM II
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FROM NATCOM 1 TO NATCOM 2 KEY ISSUES

• Refine Inventory
• - Gap Areas
• - Methodological Issues (CH4 Yearly Vs.
  Seasonal)
• - Missing Sectors and Subsectors
• National ? State ? Grids (10 10)
• - Needed as input to Models
• - To identify Hotspots
• New Gases as Particles
• - CO, NOx, VOC, SO2, O3, Particulates
• - Past efforts on Emission Factors
• - Source Apportionment
• Date Centre Setting Up a Nodel Centre
• - Emission Activity Data
• - Data Quality Effort
• - Synthesis

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CO2 Purchased Traceable to NIST
CH4 Own Traceable to NPL Standard Compared with MPI/NIST/NIAES, Japan MPI CO, CH4, N2O, SF6 in one canister
CO Purchased Traceable to NIST
N2O Own Traceable to NPL standard and Compared with MPI
SF6 Purchased Traceable to NIST Compared with MPI
Current Standard Samples
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Framework for a centre for validation of emission
inventories and an emission factor database
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SPECIAL SITES
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Himalayan Chandra Telescope on Mt. Saraswati in
Hanle, Ladakh
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CONCEPTUAL NETWORK
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Special Facilities
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Trace gas measurements facilities in India
Hanle
CO 150-600 ppbv O3 60-80 bbbv
Delhi O3- 10-70 ppbv BC- 5-25 µg/m3
O330-60 ppbv
Darjeeling
Sundarbans
CO 150-650 ppbv O3 10-40 bbbv
Port Blair
Special Observation Sites
CO 250-700 ppbv O3 10-45 bbbv
Total Ozone Dobson
Total Ozone Brewer
Ozonesonde
Ozone Surface
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SPECIAL SITES ABC
NATCOM
II MAIRS
I-LEAPS
EMRC CURRENT AND PROPOSED NETWORK
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Redefined Indo-Gangetic Plain Region
Hierarchical Steps Followed

• Defining Basins of both the rivers GANGES and
  INDUS (with tributaries)
• Defining Plain Topography, Slope, Contours
• Defining Alluvial Plain
• Redefining with respect to
• I. Administrative Boundary District / Tehsil
• II. Contiguity and / or Mapability
• 5. Defining Biophysical settings
• Climate, Soil, Vegetation, Land Use land
  Cover

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Long term changes Ozone /decade
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