AP Terms IV

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AP Terms IV

• M. Siebert

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• Rich deposits of silver found in Nevada in 1859.

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• Comstock Lode

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• Referred to the coinage law of 1873 which
  eliminated silver money from circulation. Name
  given by people who opposed paper money.

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• "Crime of 1873"

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• 1878 - Authorized coinage of a limited number of
  silver dollars and "silver certificate" paper
  money. First of several government subsidies to
  silver producers in depression periods. Required
  government to buy between 2 and 4 million worth
  of silver. Created a partial dual coinage system
  referred to as "limping bimetallism." Repealed in
  1900.

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• Bland-Allison Act

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• 1890 - Directed the Treasury to buy even larger
  amounts of silver that the Bland-Allison Act and
  at inflated prices. The introduction of large
  quantities of overvalued silver into the economy
  lead to a run on the federal gold reserves,
  leading to the Panic of 1893. Repealed in 1893.

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• Sherman Silver Purchase Act

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• Use of two metals, gold and silver, for currency
  as America did with the Bland-Allison Act and the
  Sherman Silver Purchase Act. Ended in 1900 with
  the enactment of the Gold Standard Act.

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• Bimetallism

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• Movement for using silver in all aspects of
  currency. Not adopted because all other countries
  used a gold standard.

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• Free Silver

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• Profits dwindled, businesses went bankrupt and
  slid into debt. Caused loss of business
  confidence. 20 of the workforce unemployed. Let
  to the Pullman strike.

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• Depression of 1893

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• 1893 - Group of unemployed workers led by _______
  who marched from Ohio to Washington to draw
  attention to the plight of workers and to ask for
  government relief. Government arrested the
  leaders and broke up the march in Washington.

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• Coxey's army

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• Movement which focused on cooperation between
  farmers. They all agreed to sell crops at the
  same high prices to eliminate competition. Not
  successful.

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• Farmer's Alliance

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• Three-time candidate for president for the
  Democratic Party, nominated because of support
  from the Populist Party. He never won, but was
  the most important Populist in American history.
  He later served as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of
  State (1913-1915).

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• Williams Jennings Bryan

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• Given by Bryan on June 18, 1896. He said people
  must not be "crucified on a cross of gold",
  referring to the Republican proposal to eliminate
  silver coinage and adopt a strict gold standard.

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• "Cross of Gold" Speech

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Election of 1896

• candidates and issues William McKinley-Republican,
  North, industry and high tariffs. Williams
  Bryan-Democrat, West and South, farmers and low
  tariffs. The main issues were the coinage of
  silver and protective tariffs.

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• Leader of the Republican Party who fought to get
  William McKinley the Republican nomination for
  president.

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• Marcus Hanna

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• 1900 - This was signed by McKinley. It stated
  that all paper money would be backed only by
  gold. This meant that the government had to hold
  gold in reserve in case people decided they
  wanted to trade in their money. Eliminated silver
  coins, but allowed paper Silver Certificates
  issued under the Bland-Allison Act to continue to
  circulate.

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• Gold Standard Act

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• Term used to describe the sensationalist
  newspaper writings of the time. They were written
  on cheap yellow paper. The most famous yellow
  journalist was William Randolf Hearst. Yellow
  journalism was considered tainted journalism -
  omissions and half-truths.

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• "Yellow journalism"

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• In 1890, he wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon
  History. He was a proponent of building a large
  navy. He said that a new, modern navy was
  necessary to protect the international trade
  America depended on.

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• Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan

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• A league containing anti-imperialist groups it
  was never strong due to differences on domestic
  issues. Isolationists.

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• American Anti-Imperialist League

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• The U.S. acquired these territories from Spain
  through the Treaty of Paris (1898), which ended
  the Spanish-American War.

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• Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba

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• April 1896 - U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain,
  but the _______ disclaimed any American intention
  to annex Cuba.

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• Teller Amendment

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• A rider to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901,
  it specified the conditions under which the U.S.
  could intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, and
  provided that Cuba could not make a treaty with
  another nation that might impair its
  independence. Its provisions where later
  incorporated into the Cuban Constitution.

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• Platt Amendment

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• (1869-1964) led a Filipino insurrection against
  the Spanish in 1896 and assisted the U.S.
  invasion. He served as leader of the provisional
  government but was removed by the U.S. because he
  wanted to make the Philippines independent before
  the U.S. felt it was ready for independence.

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• Emilio Aguinaldo

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• Region in which political and economic control is
  exerted by on European nation to the exclusion of
  all others. Spheres of influence appeared
  primarily in the East, and also in Africa.

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• Spheres of influence

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• 1900 - a secret Chinese society called the _____
  because their symbol was a fist revolted against
  foreigners in their midst and laid siege to
  foreign legislations in Beijing.

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• Boxer Rebellion

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• Said, "walk softly and carry a big stick." In
  international affairs, ask first but bring along
  a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use
  force, act as international policemen. It was his
  foreign policy in Latin America.

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• Roosevelt's Big Stick DiplomacyRoosevelt