Integrated Flood Management

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Integrated Flood Management
WMO
Photo by Liang Changsheng
ASSOCIATED PROGRAMME ON FLOOD MANAGEMENT
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World Meteorological Organization
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Settling on floodplains has enormous advantages
www.gaestehaus-loreley.de
and at the same time poses great risks
SPIEGEL ONLINE 2004
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Flood damages are increasing
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Traditional Flood Management Options

• Storing runoff Reservoirs Detention basins
• Separating floods and the population
• Increasing the carrying capacity of rivers
• Source control to reduce runoff
• Emergency responses
• Recovery and Rehabilitation

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Shortcomings of past FM Practises

• Ad-hoc and stand alone

• Reactive rather than proactive

• Emphasis on structural measures

• Monodisciplinary

• Failure to learn from past

• Flood policy is a neglected water policy issue on
  the international as well as, in many cases, the
  national level

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Challenges of Flood Management
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Challenges of Flood Management
Climate Variability and Change
www.awitness.org
Absolute safety from flooding is a myth
Changes in the decision making processes
cumulus.geol.iastate.edu/
(Community Participation)
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Integrated Flood Management Objectives

• Sustainable development balancing development
  needs and flood risks

• Maximising net benefits from floodplains ensure
  livelihood security and poverty alleviation
  thereby reducing vulnerability

• Minimising loss of life

• Environmental preservation

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IFM PRINCIPLES
Risk Management

• Preparedness
• Mitigation and Response
• Recovery and rehabilitation

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IFM PRINCIPLES
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole

• Flood and drought management
• Effective use of flood waters
• Ground water and surface water interaction in
  flood plains

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IFM PRINCIPLES
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole
Multi-hazard approach

• Cross-sectoral integration of
• disaster management strategies
• Disaster risk assessment
• Early warning and forecasts

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IFM PRINCIPLES
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole
Multi-hazard approach
River Basin approach
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IFM PRINCIPLES
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole
Multi-hazard approach
River Basin approach
Public Participation
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IFM Towards an

• Integration of

• Land and Water Management
• Upstream and Downstream
• Structural and Non-structural
• Short term and Long-term
• Local and basin level measures
• Top down and Bottom up decision making
• Development needs with ecologic and economic
  concerns
• Functional Integration of Institutions

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Characteristics of IFM

• Adoption of a layered approach of complementary
  options with regard to time and space
• Pre-, inter-, and post flood measures
• Head reaches, middle reaches and lower flood
  plains
• Short-, mid- and long-term strategies

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Characteristics of IFM
Integration particularly in terms of
institutional arrangements
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Characteristics of IFM
Recognition that a river basin is a dynamic
system with many interactions/fluxes between land
and water bodies
Improvements in the functioning of the river
basin as a whole without just fixing local
problems
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Characteristics of IFM Managing the water cycle
as a whole

• Flood management should be intertwined with
  drought management through the effective use of
  floodwater
• Measures to change the runoff regime should
  consider effects holistically (e.g. link between
  deforestation, urbanisation, runoff and
  landslides)
• All floods should be managed and not just the
  ones up to a certain design standard

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Characteristics of IFM Participatory Approach

• Involvement of a good representative range of
  stakeholders in the dialogue/decision-making
  process
• Decentralization of decision-making with full
  public consultation
• Optimal mix of bottom-up and top-down approaches
• (extreme bottom-up risks fragmentation)
• Effective conflict resolution mechanisms

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Characteristics of IFM Integrated hazard
management approaches

• Cross-sectoral integration to implement disaster
  management plans and ensure consistency in
  approaches to all natural hazards
• Multi-hazard emergency planning and management
  on appropriate institutional levels (including
  riverine and coastal floods/tsunamis)
• Effective dissemination of forecasts and early
  warnings of all natural hazards by a single
  designated authority

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Requirements of IFM
Clear and objective policies with a
multidisciplinary approach

• supported with appropriate
• Legislation and regulations
• Institutional structures for proper coordination
  and appropriate linkages
• Economic instruments
• Enabling participatory processes and
• Information management and exchange mechanisms.

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• Activities and outputs of the
• WMO/GWP Associated
• Programme on Flood Management (APFM)

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APFM Project TermInception Phase 2001-
2002Implementation Phase I 2002-
2006Implementation Phase II 2006-2010

• Secretariat
• Technical Support Unit (TSU) in WMO
• Fund
• Governments of Japan and the Netherlands

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Activities being taken by APFM

• Compilation of IFM concept paper and
  supplementary papers
• Implementation of regional pilot projects
• Compilation of flood management case studies
• Establishment of linkages with APFM partners and
  contacts
• Dissemination of information

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Regional pilot projects

• Pilot projects are being executed in
• South Asia,
• Africa,
• South America, and
• Central and Eastern Europe
• through GWP/ WMO regional networks..
• Aim of pilot projects develop and implement IFM
  concept and its application through
  demonstration.

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Pilot Projects Principles

• Demonstrate IFM elements
• Demand-driven
• Distributed geographical coverage
• Potential for up-scaling and outreach
• ? Synergy of local flood management requirements
  and APFM outreach requirements

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South Asia

• Objectives
• Enable flood-prone communities to develop and
  strengthen self-help capacity and community-based
  institutions to improve flood preparedness and
  management on community level in Bangladesh,
  India and Nepal.

• Process and Outcomes
• Establishment of Community Flood Management
  Committees (CFMC)
• Compilation and distribution of Flood Management
  Manuals in both English and local languages
• Compilation of Synthesis Manual for wider
  distribution of outcomes
• Field-testing of Manuals in actual flood
  conditions

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South Asia

• Outreach process
• (National)
• Country representatives pledged at national
  workshop to internalize the project approach and
  results into the overall national planning
  process and programmes for disaster reduction and
  flood management

(Regional) Regional workshop was organized and
there has been an interest to implement the
project regionally
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South Asia Main lessons learned

• Importance of allocating formal role to CFMC to
  enhance a sense of responsibility to tackle
  issues
• Effectiveness of Manual to develop skills to cope
  with floods
• Only field experience can give confidence for
  self help capacity
• Necessity of provision of continuous basic
  support to sustain community based activities

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Quarai/Cuarheim transboundry basin

• Purpose and objectives
• Establish a mechanism for coordinated bi-national
  management
• Launch joint risk assessment in a transboundary
  basin

• Activities implemented
• Identification of existing flood management legal
  framework
• Socio-economic characterization of flood-prone
  population
• Joint risk assessment of flood plains in the
  rural areas and flood plain mapping of urban
  areas
• Implementation of a shared database on
  hydro-meteorological network and floods
• Design and implementation of preliminary warning
  systems and
• Awareness building and education and training.

Brazil
Uruguay
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Quarai/Cuarheim transboundry basin

• The key to sustainability of the project
• Continued involvement of the Water Authorities
  from Brazil and Uruguay

• Outreach
• Exemplary project within the La Plata Basin
• Project outcomes provide important inputs to
  flood management practices in Argentina, Bolivia,
  Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

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Central and Eastern Europe

• Objective
• Increase the preparedness and response capacity
  of the local authorities and population in flash
  flood prone pilot communities to forecasts and
  warnings issued by respective authorities in
  order to reduce the vulnerability of the affected
  population.

• Stakeholders Local authorities and population,
  including mayors, civil defence forces,
  hydromet-services

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Central and Eastern Europe

• Outputs Guidance materials for outreach on the
  national and regional level
• Outreach and Sustainability First national
  outreach activities, larger country-wide or
  regional projects have identified for outreach
• Local NGOs crucial for sustaining project outputs
  on the local level

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Main lessons learned CEE

• A dedicated team is crucial for innovation
• Reaching out to communities beyond traditional
  scope of hydromet institutes bears large
  potential for improved flash floods management
  procedures
• Continuous development of institutional framework
  is absolutely essential to back up roles of
  various actors

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Flood Management Strategy Lake Victoria Basin,
Kenya

• Objective put in place a Flood Management
  Strategy for the Lake Victoria Basin to prevent
  flood disasters hampering development processes

• Outcomes Stakeholder based FM Strategy for the
  basin
• Sustainability
• Cooperation with the Government of Kenya and
  JICA in implementation of the strategy.

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Flood Management Strategy Kafue Basin, Zambia

• Purpose/Objectives
• Assessing flood impacts in the Kafue Basin
• Drawing up a flood management strategy for the
  basin
• Designing a flood forecasting system for the
  basin

• Outreach Opportunities will be identified to
  develop a flood management strategy for the whole
  of Zambezi basin.

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Flood Management Policy Series

• Key characteristics
• Instrumental in bridging disciplinary gaps for
  IFM
• Expert-group based
• Peer-reviewed
• Specific target groups
• Policy Makers
• Flood Managers
• Experts in respective special fields
• Target group adapted language and format

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Linkages

• With FHRC to compile IFM concept paper
• With DFO to compile a flood inundation map in
  Kenya, utilizing satellite imageries
• With UNECE on the IFM legal and environmental
  advocacy papers (on the latter also with IUCN and
  RAMSAR)
• With IWLRI to compile IFM legal advocacy paper
• With ADPC to compile advocacy paper on IFM social
  aspects
• With CapNet and UNITAR to develop IFM training
  module
• With WMO Member Countries through APFM contact
  points
• Close collaboration planned with ICHARM

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For more details and outputshttp//www.apfm.info
apfm_at_wmo.int

• Thank you!