Sprinkler

1
Sprinkler
Vinayak Naik Dependable Distributed and Networked
Systems Anish Arora, Prasun Sinha, and Hongwei
Zhang June 28, 2005
2
Outline

• Motivation and Problem Statement
• Insight behind Solution
• Algorithms
• Analysis and Comparison
• Concluding Remarks

3
Extreme Scaling

• ALineInTheSand Arora04
• 90 Mica-2s across 18m x 5m
• Intruder detection, classification, and tracking
  in real time
• Low cost, power efficient, robust, accurate, and
  self-configuring system
• ExScal Arora05
• 1000 XSMs and 200 XSSs across 1260m x 300m
• Scaling of low cost, power efficiency,
  robustness, accuracy, and self-configurability

4
Extreme Scaling Mote and Stargate
XSM
XSS
5
Irrigating ExScal

• Reliable Data Dissemination
• Reprogramming in the field
• System Reconfiguration and Health Monitoring
• Radio Communication
• Wireless devices
• Energy Efficient
• Battery powered devices

6
Outline

• Motivation and Problem Statement
• Insight behind Solution
• Algorithms
• Analysis and Comparison
• Concluding Remarks

7
Energy Saved is Energy Generated

• Load Shedding
• Packet Transmissions
• Microprocessor and Idle Radio

8
Unit Disk Model
R
R
R Transmission Radius
9
Connected Dominating Set
10
Hidden Terminal Effect
11
Time Division Multiple Access
Schedule transmissions
12
Divide-n-Conquer

• Compute a CDS
• Compute a Distance-2 Vertex Coloring of CDS
• Design a Reliable Data Dissemination Protocol

13
Outline

• Motivation and Problem Statement
• Insight behind Solution
• Algorithms
• Analysis and Comparison
• Concluding Remarks

14
Compute a CDS
15
D-2 Vertex Coloring
8
9
10
11
12
13
R
16
Numbers indicate colors.
16
Data Dissemination Protocol

• Streaming Phase
• Only CDS nodes transmit
• Transmissions in TDMA slots
• Results in reliable data dissemination to all CDS
  nodes
• Recovery Phase
• Any node can transmit
• Unscheduled transmissions
• Results in reliable data dissemination to all the
  nodes

17
Streaming Phase
A
B
C
D
R ? 2
18
Recovery Phase
R
19
Outline

• Motivation and Problem Statement
• Insight behind Solution
• Algorithms
• Analysis and Comparison
• Concluding Remarks

20
Anatomy of XSS

• XSS Extreme Scaling Stargate
• Stargate
• SMC 2532W-B High Power IEEE 802.11b PCMCIA card
• BU-303 GPS Mouse via USB
• External antenna connection

21
Kansei Naik et al05

• A test-bed containing 200 pairs of XSSs and XSMs
• A multi-hop IEEE 802.11 network
• Using attenuators and S/W Tx power control
• Applications
• Debugging
• Measuring performances of protocols
• Online web interface
• http//69.211.157.230/kansei

22
Scalability of Sprinkler - Hops ?
23
Scalability of Sprinkler - Density ?
24
Performance - Packet Transmissions
Deluge
Sprinkler
25
Performance - Latency
Deluge
Sprinkler
26
Outline

• Motivation and Problem Statement
• Insight behind Solution
• Algorithms
• Analysis and Comparison
• Concluding Remarks

27
Conclusion

• ExScal Sensor Network
• High density
• Knowledge of location
• Sprinkler Reliable Data Dissemination Service
• Energy efficient
• Low Latency
• Scalable

28
Future Work

• Crack 'em but Don't Break 'em
• Local fault-tolerance for backbone (CDS)
• Forming clusters without location information

29
Acknowledgements

• EmStar
• Lewis Girod (UCLA)
• Dr. Jeremy Elson (Microsoft Research)
• CENS team (UCLA)
• Stargate System Software
• Dr. Epp Edward (Intel Research)
• Dr. Trevor Pering (Intel Research)
• Dr. Philip Buonadonna (Intel Research)
• Stargate Hardware System
• Jaidev Prabhu (XBow)
• Deluge Comparison Analysis
• Deluge Jonathan Hui (UCB)
• TOSSIM and Tython
• Dr. Philip Levis (UCB)
• Joerg Claussen (DoCoMo Euro Labs)

30
Thanks

• ExScal Website
• http//www.cse.ohio-state.edu/exscal

Questions / Comments
31
Experiment Setup

• A network of 49 nodes

• A payload of 240 data packets