ROBERT TONETTI

1
EPA EFFORTS TOWARD REGULATORY CONSISTENCY AND
BUILDING THE INFRASTRUCTUREMANAGEMENT OF
E-WASTE

• ROBERT TONETTI
• USEPA
• OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE

2
THREE EPA ACTIVITIES

• NEPSI
• REGULATORY SUBGROUP
• ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MGMT. (ESM)
• EXPORTS
• FEDERAL REGULATIONS
• PROPOSED RULE ON CRTs
• INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
• OECD ESM PROGRAM

3
FEDERAL REGULATIONS

• GENERALLY, MOST E-WASTE IS
• NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE
• NON-WASTE
• SEVERAL HAZARDOUS WASTE EXEMPTIONS EXCLUSIONS
  APPLY
• TO ENCOURAGE REUSE RECYCLING

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HAZARDOUS WASTE EXEMPTIONS/EXCLUSIONS

• NON-HAZARDOUS WASTES
• HOUSEHOLD WASTES
• SCRAP METAL
• WHOLE CIRCUIT BOARDS
• PRECIOUS METALS
• NON-WASTES
• MATERIALS FOR REUSE
• PROCESSED SCRAP METAL
• SHREDDED CIRCUIT BOARDS

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PROPOSED CRT RULE

• PURPOSE
• ENCOURAGE REUSE, RECYCLING BETTER MANAGEMENT OF
  CRTs
• EFFORT BEGAN WITH COMMON SENSE INITIATIVE (CSI)
  RECOMMENDATIONS IN 1998
• KEY REGULATORY ISSUE LEAD IN COLOR CRTs FAILS
  THE TCLP

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PROPOSED CRT RULE

• COVERAGE
• COMPUTER MONITORS TVs FROM NON-RESIDENTIAL
  GENERATORS OF GREATER THAN 100 kg PER MONTH
  (ABOUT 7 OR 8 MONITORS)
• NOT COVERED
• CRTs THAT ARE INTACT MAY BE REUSED, THUS ARE NOT
  WASTE

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PROPOSED CRT RULE

• INTACT CRTs FOR RECYCLING
• UNCONDITIONALLY EXCLUDED, i.e., THEY ARE NOT
  SOLID WASTE
• BROKEN CRTs GLASS
• CONDITIONAL EXCLUSIONS, i.e., CERTAIN CONDITIONS
  MUST BE MET TO NOT BE CONSIDERED SOLID WASTE

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PROPOSED STREAMLINED RULES FOR CRTs(CONDITIONAL
EXCLUSION)

• USED BROKEN CRTs SENT FOR RECYCLING
• MUST USE UNIVERSAL-WASTE TYPE LABELING
  PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
• NO SPECULATIVE ACCUMULATION

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PROPOSED STREAMLINED RULES FOR CRTs(CONDITIONAL
EXCLUSION)

• GLASS PROCESSORS
• MUST STORE BROKEN CRTs INDOORS OR USE UNIVERSAL
  WASTE-TYPE PACKAGING AND LABELING
• NO SPECULATIVE ACCUMULATION
• MAY NOT USE TEMPERATURES THAT WILL VOLATILIZE LEAD

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PROPOSED STREAMLINED RULES FOR CRTs(CONDITIONAL
EXCLUSION)

• PROCESSED GLASS
• IF SENT TO GLASS-TO-GLASS MANUFACTURER OR LEAD
  SMELTER, NOT REGULATED.
• IF SENT TO OTHER RECYCLING, MUST COMPLY WITH
  UNIVERSAL WASTE-TYPE PACKAGING LABELING
• NO SPECULATIVE ACCUMULATION

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NO STREAMLINED RULE

• DISPOSAL OF CRTs IN LANDFILL OR INCINERATOR IS
  REGULATED UNDER FULL HAZARDOUS WASTE RULES
• APPLIES ONLY TO NON-RESIDENTIAL GENERATORS ABOVE
  1OO kg PER MONTH

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STATUS OF CRT PROPOSAL

• WILL BE SIGNED VERY SOON BY THE EPA ADMINISTRATOR
• COMMENT PERIOD OF 60 DAYS
• WILL BE AVAILABLE AT
• www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste

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INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS OECD ESM PROGRAM

• U.S. IS ONE OF 30 OECD COUNTRIES - MOST ARE
  DEVELOPED
• OECD CONTROL SYSTEM THE BASEL CONVENTION
• NOTICE CONSENT SYSTEMS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE
  IMPORT/EXPORT
• DETERMINATION OF ESM ALREADY REQUIRED

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ESM PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

• SEVERAL YEAR DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS
• OBJECTIVE ENSURE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND RECYCLING
  OF HAZARDOUS OTHER WASTES
• FOCUS ON ADEQUACY OF THE RECYCLING FACILITY
• FOCUS ON IMPORTING FACILITIES BUT ALSO DOMESTIC
  RECYCLERS
• THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION

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THREE ESM PROGRAM COMPONENTS

• FOR ALL RECYCLING FACILITIES
• EMS CERTIFICATION (e.g., ISO 14000)
• CORE PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS
• SOME FACILITIES WASTESTREAM-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES
• PILOT GUIDELINES ON REUSE/RECYCLING OF PERSONAL
  COMPUTERS

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CORE PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS

• REGULATORY INFRASTRUCTURE
• FACILITY AUTHORIZATION
• OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY HEALTH
• EMS SYSTEM
• MONITORING RECORDKEEPING
• TRAINING PROGRAM
• INFO EXCHANGE - UP DOWN STREAM
• EMERGENCY PLAN
• CLOSURE/POST-CLOSURE PLAN

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PC GUIDELINESSCOPE

• USED PERSONAL COMPUTERS
• CPUs, MONITORS, PRINTERS, etc.
• SCRAP FROM PRODUCTION
• USED PCs FOR EVALUATION OF REUSE POTENTIAL
• DOESNT ADDRESS UPSTREAM ISSUES (DfE)

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PC GUIDELINESREUSE/RECYCLING PRACTICES

• DIRECT REUSE
• REFURBISHMENT REUSE
• COMPONENT REUSE
• RAW MATERIAL RECOVERY

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PC GUIDELINESGENERAL FACILITY GUIDELINES

• IMPORTING FACILITIES NEED TO MAXIMIZE
  REUSE/MATERIAL RECOVERY
• NEEDED CONTROLS ARE DEPENDENT UPON NATURE OF
  RISKS
• REFURBISHMENT LOW RISKS, THUS LESSER CONTROLS
• DISMANTLING RAW MATERIAL RECOVERY GREATER
  RISKS, THUS GREATER CONTROLS

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PC GUIDELINESSUBSTANCES OF CONCERN

• METALS LEAD, CADMIUM, BERYLLIUM, MERCURY,
  LITHIUM
• CHLORINATED BROMINATED COMPOUNDS
• PHOSPHORS
• ANTIMONY BARIUM
• BATTERIES
• OF CONCERN IN THE EU
• LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS (LCDs)
• ARSENIC IN LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LEDs)
• LIQUID ELECTROLYTES

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PC GUIDELINESSPECIFIC COMPONENTS ADDRESSED

• PROCESSING OPTIONS PROPER HANDLING
• CIRCUIT BOARDS
• BATTERIES CAPACITORS
• CATHODE RAY TUBES (CRTs)
• PHOSPHORS
• GETTER
• FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS LAPTOPS
• INSULATED WIRE
• FERROUS NON-FERROUS METALS
• PLASTICS

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OECD ESM PROGRAMSTATUS

• PC GUIDELINES NEARLY COMPLETED
• CORE PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS
• SECOND REVIEW UNDERWAY
• AT LEAST A YEAR YET FOR FULL PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
  THEN IMPLEMENTATION
• AN OECD COUNCIL ACT HAS BEEN DRAFTED
• INCLUDES BOTH BINDING RECOMMENDED ELEMENTS

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REGULATORY ROUNDTABLE

• REGULATORY FRAMEWORK TOOL
• SOMETHING QUICK THAT EXPLAINS REG POLICY FOR ALL
  E-WASTE (POLICY STATEMENT LETTER)
• ISSUE - HOUSEHOLD-GENERATED E-WASTE
• EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS
• EDUCATE E-WASTE GENERATORS ON REG POLICY
  REUSE/RECYCLING OPTIONS. LISTS OF
  REUSE/RECYCLING FACILITIES NEEDS TO BE BETTER
  PUBLICIZED.
• ENFORCEMENT
• NEEDS TO BE SOME ENFORCEMENT AGAINST DISPOSERS OF
  HAZARDOUS E-WASTE. PUBLICIZE ENFORCEMENT.
• EXPORTS
• DOMESTIC PROCESSING TO MINIMUM LEVEL SHOULD BE
  REQUIRED.
• NEED POLICIES TO GET DOMESTIC RECYCLERS
  COST-COMPETITIVE WITH EXPORTERS.