Information Visualization Applications and Implications

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Information Visualization Applications and
Implications
When there is no vision, the people perish
Ming Bi 05/22/2001
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Information Visualization

• Definition of Information visualization
• Information visualization is the use of computer
  supported interactive visual representation of
  abstract data to amplify cognition
• Goals
• Discovery
• Decision making
• Explanation

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Information Visualization

• Mantra for Designers
• Overview first, zoom and filter, then
  details-on-demand
• Other tasks need to be supported
• Extraction of objects for further examination or
  consultation with others
• History keeping to record the users actions and
  results

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List of Applications

• Statistical and Categorical Data
• Digital Libraries
• Personal Services
• Complex Documents
• Histories
• Classifications
• Networks

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Statistical and Categorical Data

• Census, health, labor, economic, and other
  demographic data
• Stocks, bonds, bank accounts, currency trading
• Sales by region, product, salesperson, customer
• Manufacturing process supervision
• Drug, chemical, material attributes

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Statistical and Categorical Data

• Information visualization provides significant
  advantages that complement spreadsheets,
  statistical packages and data mining tools
• Table, Scatterplots, Parallel coordinates
• Users seek to discover specific objects that best
  match their requirements
• Users seek to discover understand patterns

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Statistical and Categorical Data
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Statistical and Categorical Data
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Digital Library

• Books, films,videos, photos, maps,manuscripts,
  audio recordings
• Patents, scientific journal articles, legal
  citations and statutes
• Newspaper and magazine articles
• Scientific and social science data sets
• World Wide Web pages

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Digital Library

• Query preview indicate the cardinality of the
  result set
• Mapping multidimensional document space into 2D
  or 3D
• Previews are nicely complemented by overviews
  that are constructed by representing each object
  in the collection in a 2D display
• similar items may or may not be closed to each
  other

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Personal Services

• Travel info on airlines, trains,hotels,restaurants
  
• Classified ads for home, real estate, jobs
• Consumer comparisons of cars, TVs
• Sports statistics
• Entertainment events
• Challenge
• Complex criteria
• Flexible search strategies and easy relaxation of
  queries

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Complex Documents

• Biography, resume, annual report
• Book, film, video, manuscript, audio recording
• Patent, scientific article, treaty, contract
• Software module, data structure
• tasks are varied previews, key words search,
  content compare

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Histories

• Exploration of temporal data
• Medical patient histories
• Student, sales client, legal case, employment
  histories
• Economic trends, stocks
• Project management, Gantt charts, PERT-CPM

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Classifications

• Classification using hierarchies to help organize
  complex information and reduce the amount of
  information people need to cope with at any time
• Library subject headings, animal species, patent
  listings
• Tables of contents, organization chart, family
  trees
• Tree structures
• hard disk data directories
• node-link diagram, cone trees, tree maps using
  space-filling,
• hyperbolic trees, CHEOPS
• Budgets, sales

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Classifications

• Classifications vary greatly in size and
  complexity
• Flexible visualization tools are needed and task
  must deal with
• Topology
• Nodes with names
• Node with names and attributes

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Networks

• Network is necessary because tree is inadequate
  to capture all relationships among objects.
• Telecommunications connections and usage
• Highways, pipelines, electronic circuits
• Scientific articles or legal citations
• Social structures, organizational relationships
• World Wide Web
• Challenge elaborate topology, Large number of
  nodes, complexity of the tasks

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Limitation and Cautions

• Limitation Only for sighted people
• Sonification or audiolization
• Cautions
• Many users may not be visual oriented
• People may misuse it and come to wrong
  conclusions
• Incompatible formats for data, nonstandard
  widgets and inconsistent terminology--can be
  overcome

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Implications

• Information visualization will be popular tools
  for most computer users
• Personal services are likely to be the largest
  area of commercial applications
• The most likely profession for substantial change
  is medicine
• Provide more thorough and appropriate sets of
  precedents and statute for legal research

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Implications

• Financial analysts use dynamical of screen for
  more visual display and dynamical query to help
  filter out unwanted data
• Scientific users become more sophisticated in
  their approach to research
• Information visualization tools will be
  components of other application software like
  word processor

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Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations

• Advantages of 2D presentations
• 2D screen
• visual perception based on seeing 2D projection
  of 3D world
• user are familiar with paper presentation
• 2D presentations are faster on computer
• 2D presentation are simpler
• tree structure more useful in 2D versions

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Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations

• Advantages of 3D presentations
• 3D real world and experience based on movement in
  3D
• development of hardware/software will overcome
  the technology difficult for 3D
• 3D pointing devices and better control widget
  will enable smooth navigation without
  disorientation
• more information can be displayed on the screen
• network data structure more effective in 3D
  versions
• Compromiser there is room for both

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Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations

• Proposed 3D applications
• Immersive Virtual Environment
• Semi-immersive Virtual Environment
• Desktop 3D for 3D worlds
• Desktop 3D for artificial worlds
• Desktop 3D for novel information spaces
• Chartjunk 3D

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OverviewDetail vs.FocusContext

• OverviewDetail strategy
• Integrate overview and details is cognitively for
  some viewers
• zoom factor-- the ratio of length of the diagonal
  in the detail view to the length of the diagonal
  in the field view box 5-15
• support zoom factors of 100 or 1000 when applied
  repeatedly
• Focuscontext
• Fisheye views, Bifocal lens Greater potential
  for disorientation
• zoom factor-- the ratio of an objects diagonal
  in the focus area to the objects diagonal in the
  context area 2-5

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Reengineering the Desktop

• Room strategy--workspace or virtual desktop
• Elastic Windows
• 3D worlds--Webbook
• Personal Role Management strategy
• Coping with Multiple-valued attributes
• represented as multiple items on a display
• Understanding Human perception

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Conclusion
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• Information Visualization is part of new media
• brings increased resources to the human in the
  form of perceptual processing and expanded
  working memeory
• reduce the search for information
• enhance the recognition of patterns
• enables the use of perceptual inference and
  perceptual monitoring
• itself is manipulable and interactive

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Future Trends

• Entering the mainstream
• Moving towards applications
• Integrated packages
• Networks
• Educational Infrastructure

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Unsolved problems

• New metaphors/new visualizations
• Bringing science to the craft
• The visualization of cyberspace
• Collaborative visualization
• A characterization of Information visualization
  down to the operator level
• The perceptual analysis of dynamic information
  display
• Advances in the science of dynamic spatial
  cognition
• A theory of knowledge crystallization