Mobile Robots

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Mobile Robots
presented by Rocio Alba-Flores
Assistant Professor ECE Department UMD
December 9, 2003
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• The term Robot was introduced by the Czech
  playwright Karel Capek in his 1920 play Rossums
  Universal Robots.
• Robota is the Czech word for work

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Virtually anything that operates with some
degree of autonomy, usually under computer
control, has at some point been called a Robot.
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• The study of Robotics involves areas such as
• Electrical Engineering
• Control
• Microprocessors
• Digital Design
• Computer Architecture
• Machine Vision
• Sensors
• Mechanical Engineering
• Locomotion
• Grasping and Manipulation

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• Industrial Engineering
• Computer Aided Design
• Computer Science
• Artificial Intelligence
• Neural Networks
• Programming Languages
• Image Processing
• Mathematics
• Algorithms
• Models

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• Basically we can classify Robots in two types
• Manipulators
• Mobile Robots

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A Manipulator is a reprogrammable
multifunctional robot designed to move material,
parts, tools or specialized devices through
variable programmed motions for the performance
of a variety of tasks.
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Mobile Robots

• Mobile Robots use either wheels or legs to move
  around.
• These are usually attached to a base to form a
  vehicle
• Equipment to perform other functions is mounted
  on the base.

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The key element is the reprogrammability of
robots. It is the computer brain that gives the
robot its utility and adaptability.
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• Advantages in favor of Robots
• Decrease labor costs
• Increase precision and productivity
• Substitute some human working conditions as
• Dull
• Repetitive
• Hazardous jobs

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Robotic Manipulators
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Components of a manipulator

• Links
• Joints
• DC motors
• End-Effector (hand, gripper, tool)

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Methods of Control in Robot Manipulators

• No-Servo Robots
• Open-loop devices Very limited movements

• Servo Controlled Robots
• Use closed-loop computer control to determine
  their motion Reprogrammable devices

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Mobile Robots
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Applications

• Where human life is in danger or where it is
  very expensive for a person to perform certain
  activities.

• Repetitive operations that need to be
  performed. For example Mail delivery, trash
  collection, surveillance of the environment, etc.

• To help Handicapped people.

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Main Components of Mobile Robots

• Sensors. Infra red, obstacle detector,
  ultrasonic, photo resistors, bumper, microphone,
  touch, radiation, heat, etc.
• Actuators. Motors
• Controllers. Microprocessor.
• Vision system. Cameras
• Commands Methods. Voice, remote control,
  programs

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Basic Mobile Robot
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Detects Electromagnetic Radiation
The robot looks for harmful electromagnetic
radiation, if it finds any, it alerts nearby
humans
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Obstacle Avoidance Robot
This robot uses infrared sensing to achieve
obstacle avoidance and targeting
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Snake Robot

• Multiple joins provides many ways to manipulate
  its body
• It moves through serpentine motions (no legs or
  wheels)
• IR sensor for obstacle avoidance
• Its head is designed to easily mount many
  different sensors

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Demining Robot

• Mine detection and mine removal. In demining a
  robot must pass a mine detector sensor over all
  points in the region that might conceal a mine.
  Once a mine is detected, the robot should remove
  it.

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Demining Robot
The use of robots bypasses the danger, reduces
the cost and speeds the process
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Fire Fighters

• In extinguishing a fire. The robot should detect
  the source of fire and extinguish it.

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Roomba
A useful and affordable robot
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UMD Robotic Projects
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Race Car
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Insect Behavior
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Heat Sensing
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Mars Polar Lander
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In the Near Future
In automatic driving, Intelligent vehicles
intended for driving highways.
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In the Near Future

• In outer space missions Mobile robots will
  investigate new elements on far away planets.

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Aerospace Applications
The Space Shuttle Atlantis docked to the
International Space Station
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ASIMO
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Humanoid Robot A robot that can duplicate the
complexities of human motion and genuinely help
people. An easy task? Not at all.
ASIMO took more than 16 years of persistent
study, research, and trial and error before Honda
engineers achieved their dream of creating an
advanced humanoid robot.
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