Dr' Steven Walsh

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Dr. Steven Walsh Founding President of
MANCEF Black Family Professorship of
Entrepreneurship - UNM
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Policy Level View - Outline

• What is Nanotechnology?
• What is Nanoelectronics?
• Toward a Commercial Taxonomy?
• Marketing What are we measuring?
• Age of Nano Electronics ?
• What is the future of Nanoelectronics and
  Semiconductor Industry?
• How can we Commercially Separate nanotech efforts
  in the Semiconductor Industry?
• What can the Experience tell us?
• What can Roadmaps tell us?

International Micro and Top Down Nano Roadmap
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What is Nanotechnology

• The atom by atom manufacture of material?
• Anything produced in the nanometer scale?
• Anything that is new and small?
• Anything new that leverages materials?
• Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing?
• Many presented here most define the field
  technologically

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Some Consensus about Nanotech

• It is involved in the second and third micro
  manufacturing revolution
• It has been technically bifurcated into top down
  Nano and bottom up Nano
• It can be proactively engineered
• It has a much longer commercial history than
  commonly thought
• More Consensus with Maturity

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Bottom Up Nano

• The third wave of Micro Manufacturing
• Atom by atom manufacture
• Self assembled
• A material, chemical or biological based process
• The chemical and steel industry has utilized Nano
  reactions in their processes for centuries

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Top Down Nano Technology

• Is it another name for MEMS ?
• At least it is
• Technologically distinctive from bottom up since
  it utilizes lithographic processes
• It is an extension of the second rather than the
  third wave of micro manufacturing
• Nano patterning
• Nano Optics
• Laser ZMF

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What is Nanotech Commercially?

• An exciting group of technologies that provide a
  new solution set for Industrial, governmental
  social, and military problems
• A solution set that
• Is a nascent disruptive technology base
• Provides a pathway for products than can not be
  manufactured otherwise
• Must provide factor or near factor improvements
  along at least two critical dimensions to be
  accepted

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What is the Commercial Status

• Nascent Disruptive technology Base
• Some Point Solutions
• Pre Paradigmatic stage
• Top Down moving faster
• Bottom up Nano movers
• Control Crystal structure
• Nanocrystals, Metallicum
• Surface technologies
• Surfect and others

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What are we Measuring

• What do the Experts say about market Size?
• Many two years ago said lt 1 billion
• Many a year ago said nearly 50 Billion
• Some now say 300 billion
• Some say in 5 to 10 years nearly 1 trillion
• Are we Measuring the same thing?
• NO

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Commercial Taxonomy for Nanotechnology

• Nano Electronics
• Evolutionary
• Very limited revolutionary
• Nano Materials
• Evolutionary and Revolutionary
• Nano Bio
• Nano Systems
• Revolutionary

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Nano Materials

• Evolutionary and Revolutionary in nature
• Evolutionary
• Paints, lip gloss, steel, chemical etc
• Large firms will dominate
• Revolutionary
• Large and small firms
• Initially niche markets
• Food services, functional paints etc
• E.g
• Metallicum steel for stents
• Ferrofluidics magnetic materials

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Nanosystems

• Revolutionary in nature
• Chip based systems
• Cellular based complex systems
• Parachuting large firms
• Small firms
• Industrial Strategic Partners

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Nano Electronics

• Evolutionary not Revolutionary
• Low and High K dielectrics (eg.)
• Type of firms to Capitalize
• Large firms
• Known players
• Few parachuting efforts
• Nanoelectronics Systems
• Revolutionary not evolutionary
• Nano tubes
• Nano wires

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Nano Technologies Impact on the Semiconductor
Industry

• Nanoelectronics and Nano materials will
• Refine Semiconductor process steps
• Provide New Materials and Substrates
• Provide New Components
• Provide New Systems

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Refinement of process steps

• An ongoing effort
• It has been developing for 50 years
• Furnace Doping to Ion implantation
• Testing
• Scanning Electron Microscopes
• Molecular beam Epitaxy
• Selective Epitaxy
• Dielectrics
• A major assist in continuing effort to meet
  Moores Law
• Doubles every 12 to 18 months

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Intermetallics
Au wedge bond
Au/Al intermetallic
Silicon Die
Cross section clearly shows separation line
between Au/Al intermetallic and Au wedge bond. Al
pad has been completely consumed by intermetallic.
Close up of intermetallic/Au wedge bond
separation line.
Back-scattered electron SEM photo of
intermetallic/Au wedge bond interface.
Intermetallic shows darker than Au.
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Likely Providers

• Mostly Evolutionary not Revolutionary
• Large established firms
• Entrepreneurial firms focused on niche
  applications
• Time horizon currently in commercialization

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Provide New Materials and Substrates

• Nanomaterials Semiconductors
• New Substrates
• New Packaging systems
• Surfect and others
• Revolutionary and Evolutionary

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GaAs, InP, SiC and other Materials

• The next material semiconductor substrate
  technology and designed to stay that way?
• Maybe not
• Nano tubes
• Nano wires
• Bldg. blocks for bottom up nano electronics
• Make up the core logic systems

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Flip-chip Assembly Of MEMS
MEMS variable capacitor on a ceramic substrate
photograph, layout, and cross-section of the
flip-chip assembly.
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Likely Providers

• Large established firms
• Entrepreneurial firms focused on niche
  applications
• Time horizon currently in Development stage

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Provide New Components Structures

• New switches
• New constructions
• Photonics Lattivce
• P/N Junctions
• FETS
• Nano tubes
• Nano wires

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Molecular Electronic Components

• Notionally around since the 1960s
• Molecular level P/N/P junctions have been
  developed
• Molecular FETs have been developed
• Stable Nanotubes and Nanowires
• NOT Gates
• Crossbar Switches

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Nano components

• Experts say that a commercial molecular assembler
  may be less than a 15 years away

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IT

• Molecular storage
• Molecular ram
• Nano tube computer
• Quantum dot computing
• Bucky ball
• Next generation Flat panel displays
• LED
• MRAM

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Lighting

• Nano crystals
• Lattice construction
• FED

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Photonics Lattice
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Photonic lattice

• Potential uses low-energy lasers, lighting,
  photonic computers, communications

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Likely Providers

• Entrepreneurial firms
• Large established firms
• Time horizon currently in prototype Phase

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Provide New Systems

• Nano computers
• Many others

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Nano Computing

• Greater than 10 years out less than 100
• Spread and Risk Large

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Success will most likely be Unexpected

• You have to kiss a lot of frogs to find a
  prince
• The more disruptive the technology base the more
  adaptive the process
• View Nanotech as a option on the future
• Understand best solution does not equate to
  winning solution
• Qwerty keyboard

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Figure 2 Challenges and Business opportunities
Technology Push
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES
Basic Research
State of Industrial Manufacturing
Bottlenecks, Technological Development
Stable New Technology
Nanocomponerts
Nanosystems
NanoProcess
Force Fit Prototypes
Modifications to Existing Processes
Robust Infrastructure
NanoMaterials
Nonexistent Market Channels
Initial Market Acceptance
New Markets
Market Augmentation
MARKET VEHICLES
Market Pull
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Nanotechnology Commercialization To slow or To
Fast?

• Point solutions
• 18 years from invention to innovation
• Moving Point toward similar solutions
• First step in industry maturation
• No front end technology paradigm
• No back end packaging paradigms
• Typology of products are likely
• Problems with market based roadmaps

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Challenges

• Disregarding traditional Technologies
• Not Invented Here
• Development from Many Sources mostly Exogenous
• IP Issues
• New Industry
• No or few equipment manufacturers

• Standardization,
• New technology product paradigms
• Barrier to new firms
• Gate keeping
• User behavior change
• Lack or reliability and test
• Many others

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Is Nanotech Really New?Does it Matter?

• We simply did not know or use the term
  (Nanotechnology) to describe how our firms
  technology base provided unique value to our
  customers we just knew we built unique products
  based on a unique technology baseit is
  gratifying to have the popular press and others
  give firms like ours a name

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Top Down Nano Commercialization
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For information on MANCEF International Top Down
Nano And MEMS Roadmaps Call Patricia Grant our
agent at 619 232 9499
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Other Industries

• Textiles
• Agriculture
• Chemical
• Steel
• Other Materials Spoecific industries
• Energy
• Many others

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Looking at the Markets

• Government
• Coating
• Smart Munitions
• Structural materials
• Safe and Smart uniforms
• Antiterrorism cellular and chip based systems
• Smart transportation
• Fuel ferrofluidics and new sources - aluminum

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Nano electriAerospace

• Anti detection coatings and skins for airplanes
• Cellular robotics
• Smart wiring
• High strength composite an non-composite
  materials
• Smart munitions
• Smart Drones

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Auto and Transportation

• Tires and thread life extension
• Fuel cell development
• Carbon Nano particles for structural integrity
• Rust retardants
• Improvements to rubberized parts
• Increased fuel efficiency

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Environmental

• Catalytic improvement for smog control devices
• Fume traps
• Outgas detection
• Water sensing

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Companies

• Mach I(Iron Oxideas Rocket Fuel)
• Degussa
• NKK Corp
• Zia Lasers (Quantum Dot Lasers)
• Eiffel Technologies (Drug Delivery)
• BASF (Sun Protection)
• Apyron Technologies (Sulfur Trap for Diesel
  Engines)
• Monsanto( Herbicides)
• NanoBio (Antimicrobial Nanoemulsions)

• Aerospace
• Automobile
• Telecommunication
• Medical
• Environmental
• Agriculture
• Anti Terrorism

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Medical Pharmaceutical

• Diagnostics
• silver bullet drug delivery
• Prosthetics
• Gene therapy
• specific pharmacology
• Cytometry
• Chemical and drug development
• Fantastic Voyage

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INTRODUCING THE DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
MODEL
IMPROVEMENTS
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Infrastructure Model for Discontinuous
Microsystems Innovations
Technology Push
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES
Basic Research
State of Industrial Manufacturing
Bottlenecks, Technological Development
Stable New Technology
Force Fit Prototypes
Modifications to Existing Processes
Robust Infrastructure
Nonexistent Market Channels
Initial Market Acceptance
New Markets
Market Augmentation
MARKET VEHICLES
Market Pull
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Virtuous and Disruptive Industry Cycles

• Virtuous Industry Cycle
• Porter Factor Inputs, Suppliers, Demand, Systems
  Integrators
• Market Focused Approach
• Disruptive Cycle
• Competing industry Technology/Product Paradigms
• Market Development Approach

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The Environment?
Systems Integrators
Virtuous Cycle
Firms with dominate market share Niche players
Dominate firms Gate keeping Entrepreneurial
Firms Industrial losers Progressive firms from
other industries
Sustaining Factor Inputs
Virtuous Demand
Suppliers D. Systems Integrators
Disruptive Cycle
Disruptive Factor Inputs
Unmet Demand
Emergent Suppliers
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BioMEMS a Market example
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Road mapping helps bridge the Gap
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IC and Non-IC BioMEMS Devices
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A Fiber-optic In-vivo Biomedical Pressure
Transducer (0.5-mm O.D. and 0.5-mm long) made
with Silicon Micromachining Technology. The
Transducer is atthe Tip of an Optical Fiber.
(Source FISO Technologies).
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Types and Market Share of Hearing-aid
Instruments  
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The Motion of the Tip of an Endoscope (Source
Korz).
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Status of DNA Arrays
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Future Distribution Network for BioMEMS Devices
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Roadmap Chapters
Section One 1. Introduction 2. Commercialization
of Microsystems 3. Optical MEMS 4.
BioMEMS 5. Forecasting for the World-Wide
Market Growth of MEMS Section Two 6. IC
Compatible and Potentially IC-Compatible MEMS
Manufacturing 7. Non-IC Compatible Microsystems
Manufacturing 8. Design, Simulation, and
Modeling 9. Microsystems Reliability, Testing,
and Metrology 10. MEMS Packaging Assembly
Section Three 11. Status and Future of
Microsystems/MEMS Foundries 12. MEMS/MST Cost
Model 13. Standards, or Lack Thereof 14. Integrati
on 15. Glossary
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Albuquerque Is a Place to Watch
Small Tech Hot Spots
1 California has the critical mass to attract
researchers, companies and VC cash, even in rough
economic times 2 Massachusetts deep talent
pool  
Ann Arbor, Mich., March 12, 2003  Small Times
magazine has identified the top 10 U.S. states
leading the race to become the economic center of
small tech, which includes nanotechnology, MEMS
and microsystems. Small Times magazine is the
leading source of business news and information
about the small tech industry.
3 New Mexicoefforts to wean the state from
the federal bankroll are paying off here
4 Arizonayears of financial losses are taking
a toll 5 Texasbig guns are leading the
chargethey could succeed. 6
Marylandlocation gives it easy access to the
nations key funding sources 7 New
Yorkbrains and bucksinnovation and enterprise
8 Illinoisready to cash in onintellectual
capital 9 Michigansmart initiatives and
cooperative partners 10 Pennsylvaniaplays nice
with its neighbors