Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy

1
Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy
6th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable
Energy and Energy Efficiency Panel Renewable
Energy for Heating and Cooling Edinburgh,
Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005

• Dr. Burkhard Sanner
• European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels
• Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste

2
Geothermal Energy can be spectacular!
Geysirs and volcanoes show the earth heat
Photos of US Geological Survey
3
Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to
find
Geothermal experts looking for traces of the
system
4
Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to
find
Office building heated and cooled by geothermal
heat pumps since 1991
Externally, no traces of the ground system are
visible. Inside, only heat pumps and piping can
be seen
Office building Technorama at Düsseldorf airport
5
Geothermal Energy

• Definition
• Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of
  
• heat beneath the
• surface of the
• solid earth
• (This definition is
• official in Germany,
• in guideline
• VDI 4640)

Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
6
High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy world-wide
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
7
High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy in EU
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
8
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

• The situation is very different in the
  various countries and geothermal technologies,
  according to natural resources and political
  issues.
• High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece,
  etc., for power, heat and other applications

9
A short glimpse at geothermal power
First experiment to produce geo-thermal power,
done in Italy in 1904 by prince Ginori Conti
Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy
Photos Lund
Modern geothermal power plants in Larderello,
Italy
10
A short glimpse at geothermal power

• Bad Blumau (Austria)
• ORC-turbine
• 250 kW el. output
• air-cooled
• operational since end of 2000

(Photos Prmat/Rogner)
11
A short glimpse at geothermal power
Principle of EGS system for geothermal power
production
Drilling rig at the European RD site
Soultz-sous-Forêts (F)
12
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

• The situation is very different in the
  various countries and geothermal technologies,
  according to natural resources and political
  issues.
• High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece,
  etc., for power, heat and other applications
• Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins
  (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.)
  for district heating, power, agriculture

13
The Potential of Geothermal Energy in EU
Potential after Shell-study
14
Deep Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo
O. Joswig
doublet system, used since the late 1970s in
France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany
15
Deep Geothermal Energy
Cross-border geothermal district heating for the
cities Simbach (D) and Braunau (A) Geological
cross-section
Graph Geoteam
16
Deep Geothermal Energy

• In most countries, geothermal district heating
  needs some investment support, reduced interest
  loans, etc. to become economic.
• Cascade uses (district heating, industry,
  agri-culture, and other) improves economy, but
  usually are very difficult to achieve due to
  business obstacles, distances, etc.
• The main financial obstacle is the heat
  distribution network (example Bruchsal, D)
• For heat distribution, Eastern European countries
  may have an advantage due to existing networks

17
Geothermal Greenhouses
Geothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece
Cultivation of spirulinaalgae using
geothermalheat
18
Geothermal application inthe food industry
Geothermal tomato drying in Northern Greece
The finished product
19
Geothermal application inthe food industry
Fish factory in Laugar, Iceland
Geothermal fish drying in Northern Iceland
The finished product
20
The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

• The situation is very different in the
  various countries and geothermal technologies,
  according to natural resources and political
  issues.
• High enthalpy resources in Italy, Greece,
  etc., for power, heat and other applications
• Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins
  (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.)
  for district heating, power, agriculture
• Shallow geothermal energy geothermal heat
  pumps everywhere

21
Remarks from various countries

• In France, heat from geothermal district heating
  carries the full VAT, natural gas only a reduced
  value
• In Poland, projects are affected by not adequate
  mining law, many taxes, fees and royalties. These
  expenses are too high compared to the annual heat
  sales, even in the biggest plant

22
Shallow Geothermal Energy

• For shallow geothermal systems, in several
  countries a market-driven economy exists. This is
  further boosted by the current oil price
  development
• These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland,
  Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend Norway,
  Netherlands, etc.

23
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating atthe Polar Circle Hotel
Storforsen, Älvsby, Sweden33 BHE each 160 m deep
24
Shallow Geothermal Energy

• A transition is underway of GSHP technology into
  two new areas
• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an
  emphasis on cooling and heating

25
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Heating and cooling of the guesthouse of the
European Centre for public law Meduca in
Legraina, Greece 2 groundwater heat pumps
GSHP for cooling (and heating) with ground-water
wells, for a supermarket in Mersin, Turkey
26
Shallow Geothermal Energy

• A transition is underway of GSHP technologyinto
  two new areas
• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an
  emphasis on cooling and heating
• Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a
  demand for more comfort in houses is growing, and
  a group of people who can afford it.
• Countries are in particular Czech Republic and
  Poland, with others following

27
Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector
Annual heat pump sales in Germany, according to
heat sources (after data from IZW, Hannover and
BWP, Munich)
Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not
includedData for 2004 preliminary
28
Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector
Heat Pump installations in Sweden (from SVEP)
Development of GSHP installations in Switzerland,
in MWth (from Kohl et al., 2002)
29
Some statistics on geothermal energy use

• Geothermal energy use in the EU 2002 (after
  data from BMU, 2004)

30
Some statistics on geothermal energy use

• Geothermal energy use in the enlarged EU
  2004 (18 of 25 member countries, new members are
  shown in black).
• The valuesare mainlyvalid for 1999 and
  are taken from the country update reports
  ofWGC 2000

31
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source waste heat
from Combined Heat- and Power-Generation (CHP)
during summertime
32
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Map of the Parliament Buildings
View from Chancellors office towards the
Parliament building
33
Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament
Heating- and Cooling-Network for the Parliament
Buildings
34
www.egec.org www.geothermie.de
Thank you für your attention!