Evaluation of Selenium in Bison and Their Environment

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Evaluation of Selenium in Bison and Their
Environment
Stacy Sabin, Kevin Sedivec, Chris Schauer, and
Joel Caton North Dakota State University Ruth
Short Bull, Lisa Colombe, and Linda Hugelen Fort
Berthold Community College, Sinte Gleska
University, and Sitting Bull College
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Importance of Se

• Human health
• Acts as an antioxidant
• Cancer, Arthritis, Heart disease
• Immune system
• Controlling viral emergence and evolution
• Optimize cellular and humoral immune processes
• Toxicity and Deficiency
• Selenosis, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease

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Bison

• Spiritual animal associated with Native Americans
• Many Tribes in the Northern Great Plains raise
  Bison

4
Importance of Bison as a Meat Source and Saleable
Product

• Bison meat is fed to Citizens on Tribal Lands
• Bison meat is sold in Markets
• Bison meat is part of the US Govt program in the
  school lunch menu in Tribal schools

5
Marketing High Selenium Bison

• An interest among Tribal Leaders and Local
  Colleges to Market a High Selenium Bison product
  as a NICHE market

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Supplying Power of Soil

• Se content of parent material
• Form
• pH
• Oxidation-reduction conditions

• Moisture level
• Competitive ions
• Soil texture
• Organic matter
• Degree of aeration

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Accumulating Power of Plant

• Species
• Environmental factors
• Growth phase
• Physiological condition of plant

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Se Levels in ND (ppb)
(Unpublished data, Franzen 2004)
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Se Levels in ND (ppb)
(Unpublished data, Franzen 2004)
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Se Potential in SD
Marine Shales in SD
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Objectives

• Determine correlations between Se concentration
  in soil, vegetation, and bison plasma and hair
• Determine Tribal lands with high selenium
  concentrations

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Study Area

• Three Locations
• Fort Berthold
• NWND1
• NWND2
• Standing Rock
• SCND
• NCSD
• Rosebud
• SCSD

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Study Area

• Ecological Sites
• Claypan
• Loamy (Silty)
• Sandy
• Shallow
• Thin Upland

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Study Area

• Vegetation types
• Wheatgrass-needlegrass
• Wheatgrass-grama grass

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Materials Methods

• Vegetation
• Six sites per location (Block)
• Five samples taken per site
• Graminoids, forbs, and selenium indicator species
• Collected twice July and Sept/Oct
• Not a second collection for SCSD

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Materials Methods

• Soils
• Six sites per location (Block)
• Five samples taken per site
• 0 to 15 cm core and 15 to 30 cm core
• Collected once in July

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Materials Methods

• Blood
• 12 mature female bison/herd
• Two 10 ml Vaccutainer EDTA coated tubes
• Centrifuged, decanted plasma, stored (-70º C)
• NWND1-Sept NWND2-June/Sept NCSD SCND-Oct
  SCSD-NA

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Materials Methods

• Hair
• 12 mature female bison/herd
• Clipped hair down right or left side of the rump
• Cleaned with acetone and deionized distilled
  water, then dried
• NWND1-Sept NWND2-June/Sept NCSD SCND-Oct
  SCSD-NA

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Results and Discussion
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Se (total) in Soils

• Soils
• Range between 0.1 and 2 ppm (Swaine, 1955)
• 8 ppm East Williams County, ND (Byers et al.,
  1948)

Se in ppm, ND
(Hintze,1999)
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Selenium Content (soluble) by Ecological Site in
2003 0 to 15 cm soil depth (ppb)
(NS)
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Selenium Content (soluble) by Ecological Site in
200315 to 30 cm soil depth (ppb)
(NS)
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Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) by Soil Depth (0
to 15 cm) in North and South Dakota in 2003
a
b
ab
a
a
(P lt 0.05)
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Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) by Soil Depth (15
to 30 cm) in North and South Dakota in 2003
ab
ab
a
b
ab
(P lt 0.05)
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Se in Vegetation (individual plants)
U.S. Canada
(Trelease Beath, 1949)
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Se in Vegetation (Hintze 1999)
Se in ppm, ND
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Se in Vegetation
Farms with Se Toxicity, SD
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Main effects and Interaction of Se in Vegetation
in 2003

• SpeciesEco SiteLocation p0.0375
• Eco SiteLocation p0.6543
• SpeciesLocation p0.1623
• Eco Site p0.3826
• Location p0.0195
• Plant Types p0.0050
• Sites (replication) p0.1208

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Selenium concentration (ppm) of Selected Plant
Types (DM) in 2003
a
b
b
(P lt 0.1)
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Selenium concentration (ppm) of Forages (DM) by
Study Location in 2003
a
b
bc
bc
c
(P lt 0.1)
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Se Concentration (ppm) in Vegetation (DM) in 2004
(Sabin 2004)
0.35
0.23
0.33
0.29
0.48
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Se concentration (ppm) in Vegetation (Hintze
1999, Sabin 2004)
0.35
0.85
0.23
0.20
0.33
0.40
0.17
0.48
0.29
0.48
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Bison Hair
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Selenium (ppm) of Bison Hair (DM) by Location in
2003
a
ab
b
b
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Selenium content of Blood and Meat in BISON
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Implications

• Correlations found between bison plasma hair,
  vegetation, and soil could be used to test other
  areas for high selenium
• If any of these areas are found to have high
  selenium bison, there is the possibility of
  marketing the product for human health benefits

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