TIGERS:

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Towards
TIGERS Identifying factors of success and
failure in European IST-related
national/regional developments Corina
Pascu ICT Unit, IPTS-JRC, EC Sofia, Bulgaria
19-20 May 2004
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Structure of the presentation

• The IPTS and its ICT Unit
• TIGERS
• Emerging key factors
• Transferability to CCs
• From TIGERS to New Entrants

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The Institute for Prospective Technological
Studies (IPTS)
Part of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the
European Commission 7 Institutes across Europe
A mission provide prospective techno-economic
analysis to European decision-makers ?Think
thank
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ICT Unit mission inside the IPTSForesight of
IST in an Enlarged EU
Need for the analysis of IST-related growth and
other impacts
A prospective view The Future Outlook of the IS
in CC13
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EU Lisbon Strategy The shift to the knowledge
based society

• The Union has today set itself a new strategic
  goal for the next decade to become the most
  competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy
  in the world capable of sustainable economic
  growth with more and better jobs and greater
  social cohesion.
• Achieving this goal requires an overall strategy
  aimed at
• preparing the transition to a knowledge-based
  economy and society by better policies for the
  information society and RD, as well as by
  stepping up the process of structural reform for
  competitiveness and innovation and by completing
  the internal market
• modernising the European social model, investing
  in people and combating social exclusion
• sustaining the healthy economic outlook and
  favourable growth prospects by applying an
  appropriate macro-economic policy mix.
• ()
• The shift to a digital, knowledge-based economy,
  prompted by new goods and
• services, will be a powerful engine for growth,
  competitiveness and jobs. In
• addition, it will be capable of improving
  citizens' quality of life and the
• environment. (European
  Council. Lisbon, March 2000)

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• The IPTS and its ICT Unit
• TIGERS
• Emerging key factors
• Transferability to CCs
• From TIGERS to New Entrants

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Key research questions

• What IS policies are needed for the Candidate
  Countries,
• to meet the European Lisbon objectives?
• Where are the gaps main bottlenecks in CC13?
• 2001 Potential for IS developments in ACC-13
  The Bled ICT Expert Panel Report
• What can be learned from EU 15 experiences?
• 2002 Factors of success from earlier EU 15
  experiences
• What are the possible trajectories?
• What are the relevant IS policies?
• 2003 National IS strategies in ACC-13 towards
  Lisbon targets The New Entrants Reports

Looking for factors of success and failure of
IST-related developments in EU15 experiences of
the last decade
TIGERS
Slide 7
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Factors having impacted EU15 IS-related
developments TIGERS Research questions

• Can we observe factors of success and failure in
  past EU15 regional or national IS developments?
• What did we learn during the past decade from
  EU15 IS trajectories that could be transferable
  to CCs today?
• What is assessed as successful development
  when speaking of IS? What is a Tiger country?

Slide 8
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• The IPTS and its ICT Unit
• TIGERS
• Emerging key factors
• Transferability to CCs
• From TIGERS to New Entrants

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The Tigers study Assumptions
In each country, there is a specific set of
observable parameters (boundary conditions,
minimum required set of factors) which may help
understanding national and regional developments
in relation to ISTs.
Reasonable set of countries and regions,
examples of successful and less successful IS
development

• These parameters may be drawn from a broad
  spectrum of aspects
• social, political, economic, cultural, to be seen
  on a fairly long-term historical perspective (2
  or 3 decades, for example).

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The Tigers study What worked early in EU15

• Major conclusions
• There is a set of observable major factors which
  do impact the potential of IST-related
  developments at national and regional levels
• IST-related developments raise dilemmas such as
  growth vs. welfare, policy vs. market-led
  approaches, mid-term vs. long-term economic
  sustainability
• Tiger countries are generally ICT manufacturing
  countries.

7 factors impacting strongly on IST-related
developments

• Strong public policy reinforcing sector
  development
• Co-opetition frameworks encouraging
  partnerships, both public and private
• Easy availability of financing tools
• Favourable ICT industry and/or economic profile
• Strong role of Education, awareness,
  info-culture
• Creative use of specific contexts alliances by
  proximity, identity,..
• Favourable EU policies

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The TIGERS study Who are the Tigers in
terms of IS?

• Finland, Ireland and Sweden stand out from the
  rest of the EU15 (and often the world) on many
  economic indicators
• Tiger countries are countries that have mainly
  (initially?) followed an industrial ICT
  Manufacturing development strategy
• But, there is no common model of development
• Ireland shows an anglo-saxon model of
  development (information technology-oriented
  specialisation in close co-operation with US
  companies- depends at least partly - on FDI and
  foreign companies)
• In both Finland and Sweden, success is usually
  attributed to one large domestic company- the
  Nordic strategy)
• Transferability to CCs of the support given to
  ICT manufacturing industries as a central success
  factor has to be further assessed

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The Tigers study The Celtic Tiger profile

• Strong policy push Strong policy push- Ireland
  - an early adaptor of IS policy
• Co-opetition frameworks United we shall
  overcome
• Decisive impact of partnerships (e.g
  Programme for Prosperity and Fairness )
• Easy availability of financing tools
• Strong presence of FDI companies (esp. in
  IS-relevant industries) -The anglo-saxon
  model of development
• Favorable ICT industry and/or economic profile
• Strong ICT infrastructure development
• Sweetspots in education
• Strong role of Education, awareness,
  info-culture
• Young educated workforce (national
  education system responsive to the needs of
  the industry)
• Creative use of specific contexts Diaspora-
  network of resources
• Migration flows and the USA cultural
  connection

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The Tigers study FLANDERS case-study

• Strong policy push Flemish identity
  Pro-active policy push
• Publicly-led move for development of the
  Flemish wired society (creation of Telenet)
• EU policies Deregulation of telecom market
• Co-opetition frameworks e-Flanders platform
• Promotion of ICT-clusters in high-tech niches
  (IMEC)
• Creation of a regional telecom operator
  (Telenet) to introduce competition into a
  quasi monopolistic telecom market
• Easy availability of financing tools Venture
  capital
• Creation of spin-offs (IMEC)
• Favorable ICT industry and/or economic profile
• Open economy specialised in some specific
  areas of ICT hardware and software production
• Strong ICT manufacturing industry and ICT
  infrastructure development (e.g. leading
  position in broadband infrastructure)
• Important ICT sector (also high level of ICT
  RD)
• Strong role of Education, awareness,
  info-culture
• Highly educated population,ICT relevant
  behaviour and attitude
• Concentration on niche markets facilitated
  education (e.g. Flanders Language Valley)

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• The IPTS and its ICT Unit
• TIGERS
• Emerging key factors
• Transferability to CCs From TIGERS to New
  Entrants

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Most relevant factors in IS developments
Common EU15-ACC Factors
ACC Specific Factors

In the past decade, that still will influence the
future
EU25 emerging factors that might strongly
influence the future
Todays ACCs IS
New Entrants Study
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TIGERS Identifying factors of success and
failure in European IST-related
national/regional developments Thank you for
your attention, feed-back and questions http//fi
ste.jrc.es Further contacts Jean-Claude.Burgelm
an_at_jrc.es M.Bogdanowicz_at_jrc.es Corina.Pascu_at_jrc.es