PSCI 3201 Environmental Policy 091807

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PSCI 3201 Environmental Policy09/18/07

• Clean Air Act
• 1. politics policy design
• 2. structure of air pollution
• policy
• 3. implementation

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CLEAN AIR ACT of 1970A. The politics and policy
design

• 1. Goals
• Symbolic a right to clean air focus on health
• Instrumental standards for cleaning up dirty
  air
• 1977 addition prevention of significant
  deterioration

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CLEAN AIR ACT of 1970A. The politics and policy
design

• Goals
• Targets those whose behaviors must change in
  order to achieve the goals
• Mobile sources cars
• - new cars
• - existing cars
• Stationary sources facilities emitting
  pollutants
• - new sources
• - existing sources

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Why these particular goals, these particular
targets?
Political feasibility
building a coalition of support powerful enough
to overcome opposition.
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CLEAN AIR ACT of 1970A. The politics and policy
design

• 3. Agents those with responsibility for
  ensuring that the targets comply and the goals
  are met
• Federal level EPA
• - Standards set at federal level states
• must comply
• State level
• - States must comply with federal
• standards
• - State implementation plans

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CLEAN AIR ACT of 1970A. The politics and policy
design

• 4. Strategy a mechanism linking together the
  goals, targets and agents.
• a) Tools use negative incentives to
• motivate self-interested responses
• b) Rules deadlines as an action-forcing
• strategy

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CLEAN AIR ACT of 1970A. The politics and policy
design

• The selected strategy
• Command and control framework

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CLEAN AIR ACT of 1970B. The command and control
framework

• Set quality standards National Ambient Air
  Quality Standards (NAAQS)
• - 247 Air Quality Control Regions
• - Six criteria pollutants
• ? ozone
• ? carbon monoxide
• ? nitrogen dioxide
• ? sulfur dioxide
• ? particulate matter
• ? lead

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CLEAN AIR ACT of 1970B. The command and control
framework

• Set quality standards (NAAQS)
• Create emissions standards
• Stationary source regulations New Source
  Performance Standards
• Mobile source emission standards
• National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
  Pollutants (NESHAPs)
• 1970 CAA, 8 HAPs
• Inorganic arsenic, asbestos, benzene,
  beryllium, coke oven emissions, mercury, vinyl
  chloride, radionuclides

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Quality Standardsvs.Emissions Standards
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Quality Standards applied to overall area air
samples
Emission Std D
Emission Std C
Emission Std E
Emission Std A
Emission Std B