1961 Death

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1961 Death Life of Great American Cities
1969 C.P.T.E.D.
1970 Defensible Space
1978 Patterns in Crime 1st CPTED COURSE
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• TARGET SEARCH
• MOTIVATION
• LOCATE TARGET
• ATTEMPT CRIME
• COMMIT
• INVESTIGATE
• PROSECUTE/CONVICT

C.P.T.S.D
C.P.T.E.D.
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• TERRITORIAL REINFORCEMENT
• HIERARCHY OF SPACE
• NATURAL SURVEILLANCE
• MAINTENANCE
• ACCESS CONTROL

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• PRIMARY CPTED
• 1970-1985
• Urban Planning
• Architecture

• SECOND GENERATION CPTED 1985 TO PRESENT
• Situational Crime Prevention
• New Urbanism
• Environmental Criminology

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• Creating a sense of turf in a place by using
  physical design features
• Locate legitimate users of a space to take
  ownership

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Public
Private
Semi-Public
Oscar Newman Defensible Space
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• Enhancing the condition of an area so that users
  take ownership
• Create a place that is defendable by local
  residents (BROKEN WINDOWS THEORY)

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• Place legitimate eyes on the street
• Give offenders the impression they will be seen

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• Designated entry and exit points
• Limited access difficult for offenders

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Proxemics
(Personal Space demonstration)
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Main Road
High Interaction/ Lower Crime

• Low
• Interaction/
• Higher
• Crime
• North American Strip Townhousing

Chinese Multi-Generational Housing
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High Interaction Lower Crime ?
Curve
GRID
DEAD END
CUL DE SAC
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Behaviour Circuits

• HOME
  SCHOOL
  
• FRIEND ENTERTAINMENT

Patterns in Crime, Brantingham Brantingham
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HOME
SCHOOL
FRIEND
ENTERTAINMENT
Patterns in Crime, Brantingham Brantingham
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• A land use or local activity that generates
  excessive crime opportunities

Convenience Stores Fast-Food Outlets Bus
Stations
Blue Roofs and Golden Arches
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• Reduce crossing Potential Offender with
  attractive target.
• Reduce crossing paths of potential conflict
  between user groups.

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• FIXED CHARACTERISTICS Senior housing,
  Commercial, Community Center/library, Single
  families with teens
• PATHWAYS
• NODES OF ACTIVITY
• EDGE EFFECT
• INTERSECTING NODES PATHWAYS

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• GEOGRAPHICAL
• TEMPORAL
• FUNCTIONAL
• ....OR....TACTICAL

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• ELIMINATION
• REDUCTION
• DISPLACEMENT

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• Removing potential targets or deflecting
  potential offenders
• Time Locks
• Walkway/Street Closures

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• Hard Edges Between
• Different Land Uses
• Crossing paths of Conflicting User Groups
• Attractive Targets
• near Potential Offenders

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Carver Crescent Problem

• CRIME GENERATOR 1979 TO 1989
• Vandalism, BE, Assault, Mischief, Thefts

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CARVER CRESCENTProblem Statement

• CRIME GENERATOR 1979 TO 1989
• Vandalism, BE, Assault, Mischief, Thefts
• CALLS FOR SERVICE PER WEEK - 3
• COST PER CALL (1 hour _at_ 80) 50
• TOTAL COST PER MONTH 600
• TOTAL COST PER ANNUM 7,200
• TOTAL (Policing) COSTS 72,000
• (Total time - 1440 hours or Sixty 24-hour days)

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Carver Crescent Solution

• Informal Neighborhood survey
  Results Public request walkway closure
• Planning Technician conference
• Development Review Committee
• Mail Out Neighborhood survey
• Memo to Council from Police
• Walkway closed

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• TERRITORIAL
• REINFORCEMENT
• TACTICS
• Public meetings,
• Community workshops
• Developed and enacted in cooperation with local
  residents
• Safety Audits

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• Heirarchy of Space
• Public parking lot
• Youths gather at mall/ Conflicts erupt
• Access Control
• Youth Hangout area created
• Territorial Reinforcement
• Youths move in Take ownership
• Conflicts erupt

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7-
GAS
11
Scotsdale Mall
R. MACS
M
HOTEL/BAR
GAS
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7-
GAS
11
Scotsdale Mall
PROBLEM AREA
R. MACS
M
HOTEL/BAR
GAS
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HIGH SCHOOL
LARGE RESIDENTIAL
7-
GAS
11
Scotsdale Mall
7-11
PROBLEM SOURCES
NEW SIKH TEMPLE
R. MACS
M
HIGH SCHOOL
SURREY
250 SEAT BAR
HOTEL/BAR
GAS
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7-
GAS
11
Scotsdale Mall
CONFLICT
R. MACS
SAVE-ON FOODS
M
HOTEL/BAR
GAS
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7-
GAS
11
Scotsdale Mall
INTENTIONAL Positive DISPLACEMENT
R. MACS
SAVE-ON FOODS
M
HOTEL/BAR
GAS
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PARKING
LIGHTS
SEATING
PAVING STONES (NO WHEELS!)
72 AVENUE
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• [phone] msheard_at_security.ubc.ca