The Human Body

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The Human Body

• Trivia Game

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Did you Know??!!

• When you sneeze all body functions stop, even
  your heart
• Your brain is 80 water
• A human has 60,000 miles of blood vessels in
  their body
• The lining of your digestive system is shed every
  3 days
• More than half the bones in your body are found
  in your hands and feet
• Everyone is colour blind at birth
• 1.7 litres of saliva is produced each day
• About 8 million blood cells die in the human body
  every second, and the same number are born each
  second

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Body Systems

• THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
• THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• THE SENSES

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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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TRIVIA!

• How many muscles are there in the human body?
• Answer 640 Muscles
• Muscles band together to form muscle groups which
  work together
• When the muscles contract, they pull on the
  tendons which pull on the bones and cause our
  limbs to move
• Muscles can be either voluntary or involuntary
  (consider your arm vs. your heart which beats 60
  to 80 beats every minute without you having to
  think about it!)

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More TRIVIA!

• The longest muscle in the body is ___________
• Answer- The Sartorius
• The Sartorius runs from the outside of the hip,
  down and across to the inside of the knee. It
  twists and pulls the thigh outwards.
• The smallest muscle in the body is __________
• Answer- The Stapedius
• The Stapedius is located deep in the ear. It is
  only 5mm long and thinner than cotton thread. It
  is involved in hearing.
• The biggest muscle in the body is __________
• Answer- The Gluteus Maximus
• The Gluteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It
  pulls the leg backwards powerfully for walking
  and running.

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There are about 60 muscles in the face.

• Smiling is easier than frowning.
• It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.

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The Skeletal System
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TRIVIA!

• How many bones are there in the human body?
• Answer 206 Bones
• When you were born, your skeleton had around 350
  bones. By the time you become an adult, you will
  only have 206 bones. This is because, as you
  grow, some of the bones join together to form one
  bone.

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Inside a Bone-

• Our bones are alive- they have their own nerves
  and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such
  as storing body minerals.
• A typical bone has an outer layer of hard or
  compact bone, which is very strong, dense and
  tough.
• Inside this is a layer of spongy bone, which is
  like honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible.
• In the middle of some bones is jelly-called bone
  marrow, where new cells are constantly being
  produced for the blood.

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The Skeleton-

• The Skeleton is the name given to the collection
  of bones that holds the rest of our body up. Our
  skeleton is very important to us. It does three
  major jobs
• It protects our vital organs such as the brain,
  the heart and the lungs.
• It gives us the shape that we have. Without our
  skeleton, we would just be a blob of blood and
  tissue on the floor.
• It allows us to move. Because our muscles are
  attached to our bones, when our muscles move,
  they move the bones, and we move.

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Healthy Bones

• Most of the calcium in your body is stored in
  your bones
• Exercise and a good diet help to keep bones
  strong
• Vitamin D helps you absorb calcium so that your
  bones can stay strong
• Sources of vitamin D include milk, salmon,
  cereal, beef and egg
• When bones break they can heal themselves, and
  they are stronger when they heal than they were
  before they were
• broken!

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TRIVIA!

• Who discovered the X-ray?
• ANSWER
• Wilhelm Roentgen, a physicist at the University
  of Wursburg, Germany, discovered radiation
  X-rays on November 8, 1895. This discovery
  altered the course of medicine.
• Roentgen refused to patent his discovery or
  realize financial gain from it, preferring
  instead that the world benefit from his research.
• Many fields have emerged in Diagnostic Imaging
  since Roentgens discovery. The science has
  expanded to include General Imaging, CT Scan,
• Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound and MR1

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Careers-

• A Medical Radiologic Technologist works with a
  wide range of machines, film processing units,
  and accessory equipment to produce and record
  images for visualizing the extent of disease or
  injury to a patient.
• A radiograph (X-ray) may be a routine film of the
  chest or a broken finger or it may form part of
  the sophisticated examinations used in the
  detection of heart, blood vessel, or brain
  abnormalities.

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Activity

• Check out www.sait.ca and find out about the
  different programs offered at SAIT that focus on
• General Imaging
• CT Scan
• MRI
• Ultrasound
• Nuclear Medicine
• www.sait.ca

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The Professionals

• Medical Radiologic Technologist
• TRIVIA! How many months for this diploma?
• Answer Medical Radiologic Technology is a 21
  month diploma
• Nuclear Medicine Technologist
• TRIVIA! What are the employment statistics?
• Answer Graduates enjoyed a 100 employment rate
• Diagnostic Medical Sonographer
• TRIVIA! What are the education requirements?
• Answer A High School Diploma, with over 60 in
  English 30,
• Bio 30, Math 30/31, Physics 30 and
  Chemistry 20.

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The Circulatory System
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Did you know?!The average person has 4-5
litres of blood

• The blood is the transport system by which oxygen
  and nutrients reach the body's cells, and waste
  materials are carried away.
• In addition, blood carries substances called
  hormones, which control body processes, and
  antibodies to fight invading germs.

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______________________________________________Red
blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all
the cells of the body while White blood cells are
like soldiers protecting the body._______________
_______________________________
TRIVIA!

• ARTERIES are vessels that carry blood
  ____________ the heart.
• VEINS are vessels that carry blood _________ the
  heart.

AWAY FROM
TOWARDS
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The Heart

• Your heart is a muscle about the size of your
  clenched fist.
• It is located in the left side of your chest,
  behind your rib cage and between your lungs
• It has thick muscular walls and is divided into
  two pumps.
• Blood from the right side pump is dark red
  (bluish) and low in oxygen.
• This dark red blood travels along pulmonary
  arteries to the lungs where it receives fresh
  supplies of oxygen and becomes bright red.
• The bright red blood then flows along pulmonary
  veins back to the heart's left side pump
• Blood leaves the left side of the heart and
  travels through arteries which gradually divide
  into capillaries.
• In the capillaries, food and oxygen are released
  to the body cells
• The blood then travels in veins back to the right
  side of the heart, and the whole process begins
  again.

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The Human Heart
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Did You Know??!!Blood is a liquid organ

• The heart beats around 3 billion times in the
  average person's life
• Your blood pressure is the measure of the force
  of blood as it flows through the arteries of the
  cardiovascular system
• Within a tiny droplet of blood, there are
  some 5 million red blood cells, 300 000 platelets
  and 10 000 white cells.
• It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to
  circle the whole body.
• Microscopic View of Blood Cells

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About how many red blood cells are there in one
drop of blood?
TRIVIA!

• There are about 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE
  drop of blood.

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The Professionals

• Medical Laboratory Assistants
• Collect, Prepare and process patient specimens
• TRIVIA! What does phlebotomy mean?
• Answer Collecting Blood
• Medical Laboratory Technologists
• Responsible for a broad spectrum of lab testing
  and procedures to diagnose, treat and prevent
  disease
• TRIVIA! This is Canadas ___ largest group of
  health care professionals
• Answer They are Canandas 3rd Largest group of
  health care Professionals

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The Digestive System
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What have you EATEN today??

• Food provides us with fuel to live, energy to
  work and play, and the raw materials to build new
  cells.
• All the different varieties of food we eat are
  broken down by our digestive system and
  transported to every part of our body by our
  circulatory system.
• We eat about 500kg of food A Year!

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• The main part of the digestive system is the
  digestive tract.
• This is like a long tube, some nine metres in
  total, through the middle of the body.
• It starts at the mouth, where food and drink
  enter the body, and finishes at the anus, where
  leftover food and wastes leave the body
• Every day 11.5 litres of digested food, liquids
  and digestive juices flow through the digestive
  system, but only 100mls is lost as waste.

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• The Mouth- Teeth bite off and chew food which
  mixes it with watery saliva, from 6 salivary
  glands around the mouth and face
• The Oesophagus- A muscular tube that takes food
  from the mouth to the stomach.
• Food moves through the oesophagus by a muscular
  movement know as _____________
• This means that even if you stand on your head,
  food will still reach your stomach!

TRIVIA!
Peristalsis
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The Stomach

• The stomach has a thick muscular wall that
  contracts to mash up the food
• Stomach acids and enzymes begin to break down the
  nutrients in the food we eat, particularly the
  proteins
• The liquefied contents of the stomach enter the
  small intestine for further processing
• As the food is digested in the small intestine it
  is dissolved into the juices from the pancreas,
  liver, and intestine,
• The contents of the intestine are mixed and
  pushed forward to allow further digestion and
  absorption of nutrients by the walls of the
  intestine.
• The waste products of this process include
  undigested parts of the food, known as fiber, and
  older cells shed from the lining of the stomach
  and intestine.
• These materials are propelled into the colon,
  where they remain, usually for a day or two,
  until the feces are expelled by a bowel
  movement.
• It takes about 20-30 hours to digest
• food completely

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The Respiratory System

• The primary function of the respiratory system is
  to supply the blood with oxygen.
• The respiratory system does this through
  breathing.
• When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale
  carbon dioxide.
• When we inhale oxygen, it goes into our lungs and
  is absorbed by the blood stream

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The Lungs-

• Inside each of your sponge-like lungs, tubes,
  called bronchi, branch into even smaller tubes
  much like the branches of a tree. At the end of
  these tubes are millions of tiny bubbles or sacs
  called aleoli.
• They exchange the oxygen for waste products, like
  carbon dioxide, which the cells in your body have
  made and can't use.
• Once they receive the oxygen, red blood cells
  turn from purple to that beautiful red color as
  they start carrying the oxygen to all the cells
  in your body.

The branching out of the aleoli creates more
surface area which in turn allows for more oxygen
to be absorbed.
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TRIVIA!

• When we eat, a flap called the ________ -- flops
  down to cover the windpipe so that food doesn't
  go down the wrong tube.
• ANSWER- ___________

epiglottis
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