Topics of Discussion

1
Topics of Discussion

• Booting up process.
• Utility programs.
• Defragmentation
• Uninstaller
• Screen saver
• Antivirus

2
Starting a Computer

• Booting
• Load operating system into memory.
• Cold boot is when you turn the computer on after
  it has been completely off.
• Warm boot is when you restart or reset a computer
  that is already on.
• CTRLALTDEL or pressing the rest button will
  perform a warm boot.

3
The Boot Process

• Has six basic steps
• Power up.
• Start boot program
• Power-On Self-Test (POST).
• Load operating system.
• Check configuration and customizations.
• Ready for commands and data.

4
Power Up

• Fan in the power supply begins to spin, and the
  power light on the case comes on.
• Power supply sends electrical signals to the
  motherboard and other devices.

5
Start Boot Program

• Computer begins to execute the boot program
  stored in ROM.

6
Power-On Self-Test

• Diagnoses problems in the computer.
• Makes sure the computer hardware is connected
  properly and operating correctly.
• Tests graphics card, RAM, keyboard, drives.
• POST test is compared to CMOS settings (stores
  information about computer configuration).

7
Load Operating System

• After successfully completing the POST, the
  computer continues to follow the instructions in
  ROM to load the operating system.
• A drive is checked for a disk, if no disk then
  C drive is checked.
• Operating system is loaded from default disk into
  RAM.
• Operating system now controls the computer.

8
Check Configuration and Customizations

• Earlier on in boot process computer checks CMOS
  to determine amount of RAM and drive types.
• More configuration data is needed for the
  computer to properly access all available
  devices, and set up screen based desktop.

9
Ready for Commands and Data

• Boot process is complete when computer is ready
  to accept your commands.
• In Windows, you will see the Windows desktop.

10
Utility Programs

• Defragmentation.
• Uninstaller.
• Screen saver.
• Antivirus.

11
Disk Defragmenter

• Files on disk tend to become fragmented.
• Each file is stored in many noncontiguous
  clusters.
• Drive performance generally declines as it
  becomes harder to locate clusters that contain
  the parts of a file.
• Defragmentation utility rearranges the files on
  disk so that they are stored in contiguous
  clusters.

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13
Uninstaller

• Removes applications safely.
• When an application is installed, some files are
  written to the operating systems files.
• If you delete the application using Windows
  Explorer (delete the folders) then the system
  file entries still remain.
• Windows has a built in uninstaller use it to
  remove application programs.

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15
Screen Savers

• Originally developed to prevent a problem called
  ghosting.
• Images could be permanently etched on a monitors
  screen.
• Not a problem with modern monitors, but screen
  savers are still used for security reasons.
• Enter a password to stop screen saver.

16
AntiVirus Utility

• Computer virus
• Is a program that attaches itself to a file,
  reproduces, and spreads from one file to another.
• Four main types
• Boot sector virus
• File virus
• Trojan horse virus
• Macro virus

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AntiVirus Utility

• Boot sector virus
• Replace the boot program user to start a
  computer, with an infected version. Virus is
  loaded into memory, and then can spread to disks
  inserted in the computer.
• File virus
• Attaches itself to or replaces program files the
  virus then spreads to any file that accesses the
  infected program.

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AntiVirus Utility

• Trojan horse virus
• Hides within or is designed to look like a
  legitimate program.
• Macro virus
• Uses the macro language of an application to hide
  virus code. When you open a document with an
  infected macro the virus loads into memory.

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AntiVirus Utility

• Antivirus program protects a computer against
  viruses by identifying and removing any computer
  virus found in memory, storage or files.
• Also protect against viruses that might be
  downloaded from the Web.
• Identify the virus looking for specific patterns
  of known virus code called virus signature.

20
AntiVirus Utility

• Your labs have F-Prot antivirus utility
  installed.
• Use it to check for virus every time you put a
  disk in the computer.