The Challenge of Teaching

1
The Challenge of Teaching

• Chapter 2

2
Influences Affecting Teaching

• What factors do you think are affecting teaching?
• Peers
• Family Situations (SES)
• Parents and Family
• Home life
• Living environment (how socialized)
• Relationships

3
Influences

• Changing Population
• Changing Family Structure
• Changing Nature of childhood and youth
• Changing School

4
Changing Population

• There are and will be more students to teach in
  the United States, but they will be more
  culturally and racially diverse.

5
Changing Population

• 2004
• White 71.9
• Black 12.1
• Hispanic 11.5
• Asian/other 4.5

• 2025
• White 62
• Black 12.8
• Hispanic 18.2
• Asian/other 7

6
Changing Population

• Lower percentage of children/higher percentage of
  senior citizens
• Some states will experience a greater growth of
  children while others will decline.
• Higher rate of children with limited English
  proficiency

7
Think about

• What effect will this changing population have
  upon schools?

8
Changing Family

• Family trends
• Smaller family size
• Parents tend to be older
• More single-parent families
• Grandparents rearing grandchildren
• How do you think the change in family structure
  will affect children and teachers?

9
Changes in Family

• Family influence
• Parental involvement in schooling has been linked
  to better grades and greater enjoyment of school.
• A fathers involvement seems helpful during
  grades 6-12.
• Family SES and the Achievement Gap
• Socioeconomic status is an influence on school
  success of children
• Achievement Gap and Cultural differences

10
SES and Student Learning

• SES and learning
• Professional family 2,000 words
• Working-class family 1,000 words
• Low SES 600 words
• By age 3 years professional family hears 30
  million more words that children of low SES (Hart
  Risley, 2003)

11
SES and Student Learning

• Higher SES
• Conversations include more questions and
  explanations
• More positive feedback
• More reading materials, computers, a place to
  study, and rich summer experiences (Bracey, 1995)

12
SES and Student Learning

• Lower SES students keep better pace with higher
  SES students during the school year, but fall
  behind during summer and breaks (Bracey, 2002)
• Why do you think this happens?

13
Changing Nature of Childhood

• Economically disadvantage children
• Children with inadequate supervision
• Abused and neglected children
• At-risk children
• Resilient children
• Hurried children
• Disengaged children

14
Economically disadvantage children

• 17 of children live in poverty
• Less medical and dental care
• Inadequate diet
• Few educational resources
• Move more frequently
• Latinos fastest to slip into poverty
• Growing number of single teen mothers
• Insufficient welfare
• Lack of affordable day care
• Inability of young family to earn necessary
  income
• Inability to effectively manage money

15
Children with inadequate supervision

• Many families dependent upon self-care or day
  care
• Latchkey children (ages 7-13 home alone)
• Unsupervised more likely to engage in substance
  abuse, smoke, or sex

16
Abused and Neglected

• Factors
• Parents abused/neglected
• Stress brought by poverty
• Unemployment
• Isolation
• Poor child rearing knowledge
• Violent environment
• Indicators different physical and emotional
  make-up, exhibit extreme behavior, sudden change
  of behavior, tired, unclean, visual signs of abuse

17
Aaron, A child at risk

• Read the case study
• What factors put Aaron at-risk?
• Single-parent family
• Lack of supervision
• Low-income
• Lack of discipline
• Poor attendance
• Negative role model
• Reprimanded
• Tragedy of uncles death
• Create a plan that would assist Aarons academic
  learning.
• Death-guidance counselor
• Mentor/Big Brother Program
• Interaction with others-sports

18
The Changing School

• Foreign Challenges
• Economic competition
• Educational competition
• Domestic Challenges
• Changing family
• Working parents
• Pursuit of equity
• Student diversity
• Poverty
• Violence, abuse
• technology

19

• What do you see as the challenges facing schools?