Saku Tsuneta

1
Overview of Hinode mission
Saku Tsuneta (NAOJ)
2
Solar physics from space in Japan
Tansei (Path finder mission)
With NASA, UK
With NASA, UK
Hinotori (ASTRO-A) 188 kg, 1981 Non-thermal
acceleration Hard-Xray imaging with rotation
modulation collimator 10 arcsec Bragg crystal
spectrometer SXS, HXS
Yohkoh (SOLAR-A) 390 kg, 1991 Non-thermal
acceleration and plasma heating HXR Fourier
telescope (J) 7 arcsec Soft X-ray telescope
(J/US) 5arcsec Bragg spectrometer
(J, US, UK) WBS
Hinode (SOLAR-B) 900kg, 2006 Magnetic fields
with corona SOT (Japan, US) 0.2
arcsec XRT (US, Japan) 2arcsec EIS (UK, US,
Japan) 2arcsec
3
SOLAR-B mission objective systems approach to
understand generation, transport and ultimate
dissipation of solar magnetic fields with 3
well-coordinated advanced telescopes.
Solar Optical Telescope(SOT)
EUV Imaging Spectrometer(EIS)
X-ray Telescope (XRT)
Launched on Sep 23, 2006 by ISAS/JAXA
Japan-US-UK-ESA project Mission Lifetime gt 3
years Orbit Polar, Sun Synchronous
4
Solar-B chronology

• 1994-1995 Ad-hoc working group at NAOJ
• 1995 Mission proposal (MUSES-C)
• 1996 Mission proposal2 (IR-mission)
• 1997 Mission proposal3 (finally won)
• parallel activity in US and UK
• 1998 New start with basic research \
• 1999-2001 Proto-model design/fab./test
• 2001-2004 Flight-model design/fab./test
• 2005-2006 Final test/launch
• 2006 PV Observations start

5
SOLAR-B science mission design(1995-1997)

• SOTModest 50cm diffraction-limited telescope,
  considering science requirement, technical and
  cost reality.
• Stokes polarimeter is a must instrument (can not
  fly only with filter instrument)
• Needs velocity maps with EUV imaging spectrometer
• Simultaneous observations with high co-alignment
  accuracy
• XRT Choice of grazing incidence optics to have
  temperature sensitivity in 1-20 MK, while
  maintaining high spatial resolution
• Once the concept was established, there has been
  no compromise during the development.

6
OTA
FPP
OBU
SOT assembly and test at NAOJ
7
SOLAR-B Flight model
OTA
EIS
FPP
EIS
OTA
XRT
FPP
XRT
8
SOLAR-B Spacecraft
Accoustic test
Thermal vacuum test
9
2006 September 23 632 JST SOLAR-B launch JAXA
Uchinoura Space Center
10
Strong international collaboration for SOLAR-B
3 space agencies, 11 organizations in 4
countries
UK
Norway
HAO(FPP)
Univ. Oslo(EIS)
MSSL(EIS) RAL(EIS)
LMSAL (FPP)
SAO(FPP)
ESA
JAXA
US
Japan
NRL (EIS)
NASA
NAOJ (OTA, FPP, XRT, EIS)
NASA GSFC(EIS)
NASA MSFC (FPP, XRT, EIS)
JAXA (Rocket, Spacecraft, OTA, FPP, XRT, EIS)
11
Hinode organization

• Project managerKosugi, Nakatani (JAXA)
• Deputy managersSakao, Shimizu (JAXA)
• Co-managerTsuneta (NAOJ)
• NASA manager Cobb (MSFC)
• Instrument PI
• SOTTsuneta, Tarbell (US)
• XRT DeLuca(US), Shibasaki(Sakao)
• EISHarra(UK), Doschek (US), Watanabe
• Project scientist Sakurai, Shibata (Japan),
  Davis (US), Williams (UK)

12
2006 September 23 Uchinoura
The late Professor Takeo Kosugi Project manager
for SOLAR-B
13
SOT spatial resolution (courtesy Yoshi Suematsu)
1?6?km

• Note that G-band bright point has finite size and
  slight degradation due to onboard JPEG
  compression.
• More analysis with phase-diversity is being done.

14
Local Helio-seismology
Optical Telescope (filter optics, spectrograph)
SOLAR-B Science Scope
Convection Flow and B
Dynamo Global and local
Flux emergence Convective collapse Vertical
fields and GBP Ubiquitous horizontal fields

Coronal Heating EIS non-thermal velocities XRT
temperature structure Transient brightening XBP

Alfven waves Acoustic waves
X-Ray Telescope EUV Imaging Spectrometer
Sunspot and Magnetic Field Structure MMF and
AR disintegration Light bridge, umbral dots
Penumbral structure
Flares, coronal dynamics Data driven
simulation Coronal extrapolation of magnetic
fields
Magnetic Reconnection EIS Detection of in and
outflow Coronal jets Chromospheric jets Penumbral
micro-jets
Fast solar wind Slow solar wind
Hinode covers almost whole solar MHD
15
Multiple uniqueness of Hinode

• SOT vs ground-based observatories
• High (modest) resolution continuous imaging with
  stable PSF
• Precision spectro-polarimetry
• XRT vs EIT/TRACE/SDO
• High-quality grazing incidence optics provides
  1MK-20MK
• EIS vs SOHO/CDS
• Higher resolution and sensitibity (a few km/s
  non-thermal motion)
• Synergy of 3 instruments
• 24 hour access to Sun

16
SOT achievement and post-launch issues

• Achievement
• Overall spacecraft status superb
• Attains 0.2-0.3 arcsec diffraction-limited
  imaging
• Image stabilization lt0.01arcsec
• Specrtro-polarimeter and wide-band filters
  working fine
• Issues
• SOT tunable filters
• Synergy of three instruments not sufficient
• Data of individual instrument too interesting so
  far
• It is time to enhance the interaction between
  instruments.

17
Summary

• The concept study started around 1995-1996.
  Almost 10 years were spent for the development of
  SOLAR-B mission. Hinode became a unique solar
  observatory by combining optical and X-ray,
  imaging and spectroscopy.
• Rapid progress in high resolution optical
  astronomy especially in Europe gradually made it
  clear that Hinode was born in perfect timing.
• The data was released to the world community on
  May 27. The release of all the data is not
  trivial issue for us. In fact, it is a major
  decision for the sake of solar physics. We hope
  to have collaboration in spacecraft operations,
  joint observations, and data analysis, and expect
  significant scientific output.

18
Yohkoh publications
PhD thesis 59 (29 in Japan) Nature, Science 10
(until 2003)
Papers/year
Cumulative
19
It is time to think about the future
Yohkoh (1991- 2001) with NASA and UK
Hinotori (1981-1982)
Hinode (2006-) With NASA,UK and ESA
SOLAR-C ?