MOD

1
MOD 21 Stress Coping

• Primary Situational Appraisals
• Harm/Loss
• Threat
• Challenge
• Threats create greater response than challenges

2
Primary Appraisals (contd)

• Depend on the situation and how one interprets
  the stimulus
• Negative appraisals, heighten the physical
  arousal
• Positive appraisals, decrease physical arousal

3
Stress on the System

• Fight or flight response
• Appraisal of event
• Hypothalamus activated by threats
• Sympathetic speeds up responses
• Parasympathetic slows down / calms

4
Stress on the System

• Psychosomatic symptoms
• Examples stomach, muscle pains, fatigue,
  eating probs, skin rashes, insomnia, asthma,
  blood pressure incr.

5
General Adaptation Syndrome

• Alarm Stage
• Resistance Stage
• Exhaustion stage

6
Mind-body Connection

• Thoughts, emotions beliefs
• Mind body Therapy
• Psychoneuroimmunology -
• relationship between CNS, endocrine system
  and psychosocial factors

7
Stress Factors

• Hassles - daily, irritating events
• vs
• Uplifts - satisfying daily events
• contribute or detract from risk of depression

8
Stress Factors

• Social Readjustment Rating Scale (490)
• / - situations experienced in past 6 mos. (gt
  300) and past year (gt 500)
• Doesnt address appraisals

9
Emotional factors

• Frustration
• Burnout
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
• Response to
• Leads to recurring memories, nightmares,
  fears, anxieties

10
Conflict Patterns

• Approach approach
• Avoidance avoidance
• Approach-avoidance

11
Resolving Conflict - Styles

• Avoidance
• Accommodation
• Domination
• Compromise
• Integration

12
Personal Social Factors

• Hardiness (worksheet exp.)
• Locus of Control external vs internal
• Optimism / Pessimism
• Social Support

13
Coping

• Secondary Appraisal deciding to deal with the
  stressor
• Emotion-focused seeking comfort, sympathy
• Problem-focused Seeking information
• Control elements -gt Combination is best

14
Stress Management Techniques

• Challenge appraisals
• Positive Self-Statements
• Biofeedback
• Progressive Relaxation
• Meditation
• Social-cognitive counseling / intervention

15
Mod 23 - Disorders

• Definitions of Abnormality
• Statistical frequency-
• Social norms
• Maladaptive

16
Diagnosis

• Clinical interview
• Personality tests
• Neurological tests
• DSM-IV (297)

17
Frequency - reporting

• Any disorder 48
• Substance Use 27
• Anxiety Disorder 25
• Mood Disorder 20-25

18
Mood Disorders

• 2 weeks or more
• Low mood, low interest, low pleasure
• Problems with 4 of these eating, sleeping,
  thinking, concentration, guilt, making decisions,
  energy level, suicidal thoughts

19
Mood Disorders

• Biological Theory genetic, neurological
  factors
• Psychosocial Theory personality traits
• Cognitive Theory automatic negative thoughts
  

20
Mood Disorders

• Bipolar disorder extremes
• variable self-esteem, sleep patterns
• rapid, frequent speech / little speech
• racing thoughts / depressed affect

21
Mood Disorders

• Dysthymic Disorder chronically, but not
  continuously depressed

22
Mood Disorders - Interventions

• Social skills
• Social support
• Thought substitution

23
Mood Disorders - Treatments

• Antidepressants
• SRIs (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
• (Prozac)
• Lithium- mineral salt (for Bipolar I)
• ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy)

24
Personality Disorders

• Antisocial -gt Violates rights of others without
  guilt or remorse
• Delinquent stealing, fire-setting, forgery,
  law-breaking
• Psychopathic human victimizers

25
Personality Disorders

• Psychopaths
• Chemical
• Environmental
• Treatment
• Drugs to raise serotonin levels
• 2/3rds no long-term improvement

26
Personality Disorders

• Paranoid
• Schizotypical
• Histrionic
• Obsessive-compulsive
• Dependent

27
Schizophrenia

• Affects thought, attention, perception, motor
  functions emotions
• Paranoid auditory hallucinations / delusions
• Disorganized bizarre ideas about body,

28
Schizophrenia

• Catatonic wild excitement, then prolonged
  immobility (frozen)
• Identifiable gene directly linked on Chromosome
  6 ( 48-83 in twins)

29
Schizophrenia

• Type I symptoms -gt
• Type II
• Neurology
• Ventricles largergt
• Thalamus smaller -gt
• Frontal Lobe PET scan data

30
Schizophrenia - environment

• Diathesis Theory Combination of genetic
  predisposition interacting with life stressors
• symptoms distortion of functions
• - symptoms loss of functions

31
Schizophrenia - Treatment

• Neuroleptic Drugs
• (Thorazine, Haldol, Halperidol)
• Atypical neuroleptics

32
Dissociative Disorders

• Amnesia
• Fugue-
• Identity Disorder