Towards sustainable aviation A view of the environmental NGOs

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Towards sustainable aviationA view of the
environmental NGOs

• Beatrice Schell
• Director TE

TE represents a coalition of international NGOs
that have observer status in CAEP since 1998
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International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation

• First international environmental coalition to
  have observer status in CAEP
• Environmental NGOs have participatory rights in
  all UN processes, e.g. climate change, CSD

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Our mission statement

• A structured international network of
  environmental NGOs who share a common concern
  with the problems of air quality, climate change
  and noise in relation to aviation, and are
  committed to developing and providing technical
  expertise and common policy strategies to the
  work of ICAO, with a view to reducing emissions
  and noise from the aviation sector.

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Why did we get mobilised?

• IPCC findings strong growth in aviation
  emissions
• Kyoto outcome bunker fuels
• EU-wide developments (Amsterdam treaty,
  integration process,etc.)
• US NOx discussions
• ICAO/CAEP developments on environmental issues

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IPCC findings!

• Strong growth in emissions could jeopardise
  reductions elsewhere
• CO2, NOx, H2O, contrails, sulphate and soot
  3.5 of total radiative forcing by all
  anthropogenic activities
• Total radiative forcing by 2050 4 to 15
• Mitigation measures needed for all greenhouse
  gases!
• Charges and taxes, trading, modal shift,
  subsidies removal
• Technological (lt50) and operational (lt18)
  improvements alone will not be sufficient to
  offset the effects of increased emissions

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The Kyoto process

• Article 2.2 and decision 2/CP3
• Conference of the parties
• Discussion on methodologies
• Allocation?
• ICAO secretariat report-back

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EU developments
Principles Amsterdam Treaty articles 2
6 Integrate environmental objectives in all
sectors Polluter/user pays De-linking transport
and economic growth
Facts Communiction on air transport and
environment White Paper on Infrastructure
Charging White Paper on Common Transport
Policy European Climate Change Programme
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US developments

• NOx standards
• Airport policies

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Developments in CAEP/ICAO

• Market based measures will only achieve
  limitation/reduction in emissions if
• Targets
• Enforcement and control mechanisms
• World-wide
• E.g. emissions charge in the short term

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Why emissions charges?

• No serious legal obstacles, easy to implement in
  the short term
• Maximise technological improvement, optimise
  aircraft design / load factors, improve flight
  operations and reduce number of km flown
• US 0.20 per litre of fuel gt aviation emissions
  will double by 2025, rather than triple.

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Reflection on developing nations

• Exempt for political reasons
• Responsibility lies ultimately with developed
  nations
• Revenues could be used to compensate economic
  sectors and countries that are affected

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OUR RECOMMENDATIONS

• NO VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS IN ICAO
• CHARGES IN THE SHORT TERM
• LONG TERM EXTENSION CHARGE AND/OR POSSIBLY
  DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM IN
  ACCORDANCE WITH KP