PGM Exercise Physiology

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PGM Exercise Physiology

• Introduction to Energy Systems

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Energy in Food
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Calorie

• Definition
• 1 cal energy needed to raise 1ml H2O 1C
• 1 kcal energy needed to raise 1L H2O 1C

• The energy in this ice cream bar
• could raise the temp of 266L water by 1C
• could bring 2.6L of water to its boiling point
  (100C)

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Energy in Food
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Energy in Food

• Calories
• Fats 9 kcal/gram
• Carbohydrates 4 kcal/gram
• Proteins 4 kcal/gram
• Alcohol 7 kcal/gram

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Metabolism

• From the Greek word for change
• Describes the biochemical processes needed to
  transfer the energy stored in food to ATP
  (adenosine triphosphate).

CHO
Metabolic Processes
FAT
ATP
PRO
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ATP

• Energy currency of all cells.
• Energy in ATP is constantly being used and
  recycled
• An average person recycles 40 kg (88lbs) of ATP a
  day

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Stored ATP

• Muscle stores enough ATP to fuel only 4 sec of
  explosive exercise.

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Methods of ATP Recycling

• Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Metabolism

Metabolic Processes
small amount produced quickly
Anaerobic
large amount produced slowly
Aerobic
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Methods of ATP Recycling

• Anaerobic Systems
• ATP PC System
• Quickest system to recycle ATP (1 step reaction)
• Small reservoir
• Major energy system all out activities lt 10 sec
• Glycolytic System
• Uses CHO to recycle 2 ATP (10 step reaction)
• Medium reservoir
• Major energy system for strenuous exercise
  lasting 30-90 sec
• Aerobic System
• Uses CHO FATS to recycle 36 to 130 ATP (30
  reactions)
• Large reservoir (2hrs for CHO, days for FAT)
• Major energy system for exercise lasting gt 2 min

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Energy Systems
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Energy Systems in Action
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Energy Systems in Action
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What Energy Systems are in Action?
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Energy Systems Assessments

• ATP-PC System
• 40 yard dash
• Glycolytic System
• Wingate test
• Aerobic System
• VO2 Max

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Wingate Tests

• 30 sec sprint

Endurance Athlete
Watts
Average
Power Athlete
Time
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Wingate Lactate

• Glycolytic System
• Produces lactate not lactic acid
• Can be measured in the blood
• Resting values 1.0 mmol/L

Lactate
0s 30s 20 min
1hr
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Wingate Peak Power (W)
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Wingate Avg Power (W)
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Assessment of the Aerobic System

• Long distance events
• Mile run
• 40K cycling
• Lab measurements
• Oxygen consumption
• Field measurements
• Estimation of VO2max

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Assessment of Aerobic System

• VO2 Max test
• Dr. A.V. Hill
• Running on level ground
• No increase in VO2 despite faster running speed

.
11mph
10 mph
VO2 volume of oxygen uptake per minute. (dot
over V means rate) Absolute VO2 liters of
O2 uptake per min (L/min) Relative VO2
milliliters of O2 uptake per kg of body weight
per minute (ml/kg/min)
9 mph
8 mph
5 min
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VO2 Max Test
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VO2 Max Test

• What does it mean?
• Size of your engine
• Is it a good predictor of performance?
• General screening
• Elite athletes

12 cylinder
8 cylinder
6 cylinder
4 cylinder
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VO2 Max Test Values (ml/kg/min)
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