CHAPTER 15 RIGGING

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CHAPTER 15RIGGING

• Objectives
• Students will be able to safely rig a roof truss
  for hoisting by a crane.
• Students will be able to use standard hand
  signals for directing a crane operator.
• Students will recognize common defects and safety
  hazards in rigging equipment.

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SLINGS

• Nearly all slings are made of wire rope,
  synthetic webbing, or steel alloy chains.
• The manufacturers tag lists
• Manufacturers name
• Rated capacity for hitches or angles at which the
  sling is used
• Type of material
• Wear-pads protect the sling from sharp corners on
  the load.

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WIRE ROPE

• Made of wires, laid around a center in a pattern.
• Wire rope made of a few large wires will be more
  abrasion-resistant and less fatigue-resistant
  than wire rope made using smaller wires.

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WIRE ROPE CORES

• The ropes core is the foundation for the
  strands.
• The type of core affects the ropes performance.
• Three common types
• Fiber core
• Independent Wire Rope core
• Strand core

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LAY AND ROPE DESIGN

• Lay refers to
• The wire and strand positions in the rope.
• Strand direction and the relationship between the
  strands.
• A length measurement in manufacturing and
  inspection.
• Regular lay rope is more stable.

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INSPECTION OF WIRE ROPE

• A record must be kept of each inspection.
• Things to look for during inspection are
• Cup and cone look
• Fatigue breaks
• Strand nicking
• Birdcage
• High strand
• Kinking
• A kinked rope must be replaced.
• Inspections should be frequent and thorough.

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WEB SLINGS

• Synthetic slings offer advantages over wire
• Synthetic material conforms easier and slips less
• Synthetic material does not corrode or stain the
  load
• Synthetic slings can be damaged by exposure to
  extreme heat.
• These slings should also be inspected regularly.

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CONSTRUCTION

• Web slings are made of nylon or polyester.
• Polyester is hurt by caustics but not acids.
• Nylon is hurt by acids but not caustics.
• Web slings usually have a male and female end.
• All synthetic slings have warning markers.

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Standard Eye Sling
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INSPECTION OF SYNTHETIC SLINGS

• OSHA says to inspect prior to each lift.
• Take the sling out of service if you find
• Acid or caustic burns
• Melting or charring
• Broken or worn stitching
• Excessive wear
• Knots
• Pitting or corrosion
• Cracked fittings
• Any damage that casts doubt on the slings
  strength

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Chain Slings

• Used for heavy loads or high-heat areas.
• Not used often on construction sites due to
  potential harm to the load.
• Anyone rigging a chain sling should be able to
  identify damage to the sling.

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Chain Sling
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EFFECT OF ANGLE ONSLING CAPACITY

• CAUTION!!! Using slings at an angle can be deadly
  if the angle is not taken into consideration.
• To find the minimum sling rating for the intended
  lift
• Determine the weight to be lifted
• Calculate the Tension Factor
• Multiply the Lifting Weight by the Tension Factor

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HARDWARE ATTACHMENTS

• Hooks are permanently attached.
• Types of hooks include eye hooks, reverse eye
  hooks, grab hooks, foundry hooks, latch hooks,
  clevis hooks, and choker hooks.
• Other sling hardware includes shackles, lifting
  eyes, and straight eye bolts.

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Standard Eye Hook
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THIMBLES/WIRE ROPE CLIPS

• Thimbles are used inside the eye of a wire rope
  sling to decrease wear.
• Thimbles must be inspected for wear.
• Wire rope clips fasten a loop to a wire rope.
• Clips come in sizes to match the rope.
• Use torque wrenches to tighten clips.

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CRANE OPERATIONS

• Basic safety rules to follow
• One person on the ground directs operations
• Anyone not directly involved should be out of the
  way
• Only the designated person gives hand signals
• Use tag lines to control swing of the load
• Never hold or position loads by hand
• Prepare the area and use approved hand signs

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Stop
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Dog Everything
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Move Slowly
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Hoist
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Lower
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Raise Boom
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Lower Boom
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Swing
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Raise the Boom andLower the Load
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Lower the Boom andRaise the Load
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Travel(Rail Mount or Trolley)
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Extend Boom(Telescoping Booms)
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Retract Boom(Telescoping Booms)
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Travel
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Travel(One Track)
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SUMMARY

• Rigging is the use of slings, ropes, straps,
  chains, and fittings to hoist heavy objects.
• Safety and inspection of machinery and slings
  work together to keep a job site running smoothly
  and safely.
• People not directly involved with crane work
  should stay clear of the area.