Article 23

1
Article 23

• The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall
  enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of
  treason, secession, sedition, subversion against
  the Central People's Government, or theft of
  state secrets, to prohibit foreign political
  organizations or bodies from conducting political
  activities in the Region, and to prohibit
  political organizations or bodies of the Region
  from establishing ties with foreign political
  organizations or bodies.

2
Article 27

• Hong Kong residents shall have freedom of speech,
  of the press and of publication freedom of
  association, of assembly, of procession and of
  demonstration and the right and freedom to form
  and join trade unions, and to strike.

3
Wang Feng-chao, deputy director, Chinas liaison
office,Hong Kong

• The media should not treat speeches and views
  which advocate Taiwans independence as normal
  news items, nor should they report them like the
  responsibility to uphold the integrity and
  sovereignty of the country. This has nothing to
  do with press freedom.

4
Authoritarian Concept

• Most common in Asia
• Defined constant direct or implied control from
  above with consensus and standardization as a
  goal
• As long as press operates under certain
  boundaries, govt does not intervene
• Press is partner with govt. In Malaysia, do
  not write about racial disharmony in Thailand,
  do not disrespect the royal family.

5
more Authoritarian

• Press is generally private but govt closely
  monitors and controls it
• Not watchdogs of govt or crusaders for social
  issues or justice
• Part of overall power structure. Expected to
  report on country in positive way.
• Self-censorship is social responsibility

6
Modified Libertarian Concept

• Combination of libertarian, social responsibility
  and Western theories
• Japan free press but some self-imposed
  restrictions self-censorship about the imperial
  family, little investigative reporting,
  journalists are part of corporate structure.

7
more modified libertarian

• India press is one of the freest with
  adversarial relationship with govt, watchdog
  role, investigative reporting, strong editorials.
• Philippines 1987 Constitution No law shall be
  passed abridging the freedom of speech, of
  expression or of the press... Constitution
  provides access to govt meetings, records but
  govt limits media ownership to Philippine
  citizens, prohibits media monopolies, regulates
  advertising

8
Communist

• Free press is divisive by its very nature,
  interferes with key job of nation building
• In China, state-owned media pursues news that
  serves the state but can be investigative. E.g.,
  local corruption and environmental stories.

9
Hutchins Commission, U.S., 1947

• Free expression is unique among liberties it
  promotes and protects the rest civilized society
  is a working system of ideas. Govt protects
  freedom. Public discussion is necessary condition
  of free society. But with moral rights, come
  moral duties.
• Is protecting press the same as protecting
  citizens?

10
more Hutchins Commn..What does a free society
require?

• 1. truthful, comprehensive account of days
  events that gives meaning
• 2. forum for exchange of comment,criticism
• 3. Projection of representative picture of
  constituent groups in society
• 4. presentation/clarification of goals/values of
  society
• 5. Full access to days information

11
Reaction to Hutchins Commn

• Professors Blindly Try to Curb Press by
  Regulations to End all Our Liberties - headline
  in Chicago Tribune, said most of the group had
  ties to Communists.
• Draw attn from real issue concentration, not
  content. Moguls like Hearst.
• Ignored conclusion press should not lie, should
  be accountablefear of govt intervention.