Recent Trends in Telecommunication Technology and Applications

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Recent Trends in Telecommunication Technology and
Applications

• Prof. Dr. Numan S Dogan
• Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
• North Carolina AT State University
• Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
• E-mail dogan_at_ncat.edu

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Outline

• The Spectrum Challenge and Technology Development
• Smart Antennas
• Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio
  (CR)
• Spectrum Management and Flexible Use Rights
• Radio System Basics and Electrospace
• Command-and-control
• Electrospace rules
• My recent transceivers work
• SOI CMOS receiver (funded by NASA)
• Medical Implant Communication System (MICS)
  Transceiver (funded by WIMS-University of
  Michigan, NSF ERC)

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Spectrum Management

• Spectrum management is the process of arranging
  the use of the spectrum for communications and
  sensing.
• Who gets to use spectrum?
• For what functions?
• Under what restrictions?
• What are the processes to decide?

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Radio System Basics-1

• Radio systems have
• Transmitter (including transmitting ant)
• Propagation path
• Receiver (including receiving antenna)
• Communications
• move data from transmitter to receiver
• Sensing
• Compare received signal with transmitted signal
  to study path (radars, sensors, etc.)

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Radio System Basics - 2

• The Electrospace describes the appearance of
  radio signals transmitters propagation.
• A receiver processes the electrospace to receive
  communications.
• One major goal of frequency management is to
  arrange the signals in the electrospace so that
  the desired signal can be separated out by a
  simple and inexpensive receiver.

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The Electrospace

• Electrospace (described by Hinchman in1969) is a
  7-variable description of EM field strength
  (hyperspace).
• Physical location lat., long., altitude
  3-dim
• Frequency MHz 1-dim
• Time - µS, hours, or years
  1-dim
• Direction-of-arrival azimuth, elevation
  2-dim
• Electrospace describes radio signals, as they
  appear from an ideal receiver at the physical
  location. Note receiver includes receiving
  antennas

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Spatial Dimensions

• Any spatial region microcell to BTA, modify with
  directional antennas. Caution some areas cannot
  be used well coverage affected by terrain and
  buildings, height above ground. Match spatial to
  coverage.

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Frequency Dimension

• The frequency dimension is well behaved and
  intuitive, with a frequency band often divided up
  into many identical non-overlapping channels.

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Time Dimension

• FCC recently mentioned time as one additional
  dimension that they would allow users to divide.
• Months seasonal uses
• Hours to broadcast special football game
• Hours midnight-to-5am daily to send low cost
  computer updates.
• 10 ms TDMA timeslots every 50 ms.
• Useful for serving many intermittent activities.

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Angle-of-Arrival Dimension
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The Electrospace
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Same spectrum, more users
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Radio Systems
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Interference - 1
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Interference - 2
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Interference 3
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Better Receivers
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Receiver standards?
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Map of Spectrum Rights
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Command and Control
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In favor of CC
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Problems with CC
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Flexible Spectrum Use Rights
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Electrospace Rules
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Possible Downsides - 1
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Possible Downsides - 2
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Flexible-Use Summary
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Low-Power SOI CMOS Receiver

• Project Overview

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Low-Power SOI CMOS Receiver
Low-IF Receiver
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Low-Power SOI CMOS Receiver

• Microphotograph of the Low-IF Receiver

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Low-Power Medical Implant Communication System
(MICS) Transceiver
Huseyin S SAVCI, Zheng WANG, William BOWEN,
Ahamadou TANKO, and Dr. Numan S. DOGAN
North Carolina AT State University
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System Description

• Implant Unit
• Listens for a transmitted signal from P/C Unit.
• Receives signals from P/C Unit (i.e. incoming
  audio signals in Cochlear implant) and processes
  data.
• Transmits data/control parameters (i.e.
  swallowable camera capsule)

• Programmer/Controller Unit (P/C)
• Monitors environment, determines the least noisy
  channel available.
• Establishes communication session over the
  selected channel.

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Targeted Specs for Implant Unit
Variable transmit and receive data rates for
different MICS applications. (Receiving audio
signal for Cochlear Implants, transmitting video
images for Endoscopic Camera Capsules)
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Transceiver Architecture