The Rise of Fascist States

1
The Rise of Fascist States

• Fascism Total rule
• by the government
• (a person, a group, a military, etc.)

2
China

• Ruled by dynasties since
• 3000 BC/BCE
• 1644 Qing dynasty
• Since late 1800s, China
• corrupted by imperialistic
• European nations

3
Nationalist Revolution

• Opium Wars of 1800s
• Britain uses powerful navy
• forces China to accept shipments of opium
• (very lucrative for Britain!)
• Early 1900s Britain uses Chinese labor to build
  RR into Chinas interior
• Emperor weak wont protest
• 1911 Chinese people rise overthrow emperor,
  throw British out

4
Nationalist Revolution (1911)

• Emperor Pu Yi out
• (Qing Dynasty ends)
• Leader Sun-Yat Sen in
• (Nationalist Party takes control)

5
China

• A new nationalist government rules China
• But warlords continue to battle each other for
  control of areas for the next 15 years

6
Russia

• Russia had lost the Russo-
  Japanese War to tiny Japan
• in 1905
• Tsar Nicholas Romanoff and Tsarina
  Alexandra were overthrown by Russian nobles in
  the February Revolution (1917)

7
Russia

• These nobles were overthrown by Bolsheviks in the
  October Revolution (1917)
• The Bolsheviks were led by
• Lenin
• Trotsky
• -- USSR begins --

8
Italy

• Italy had fought with the Allies in the Great War
• Were not given lands like they wanted in Treaty
  of Versailles (1919)
• Post-war economic
  depression
• Threats from communists

9
Benito Mussolini

• Expelled from elementary school for stabbing
  another student (in the rear) w/penknife
• By age 8, is banned from familys church
• Goes to Switzerland looking for work is arrested
  for causing trouble
• Returns to Italy trouble w/ police

10
Mussolini

• Mussolini called into military for Great War
• Wounded in hand-grenade practice
• Allowed to leave military edits newspaper
• After War, fascism becomes major political
  movement in Italy Mussolini is a fascist
• Runs for political office
• Loses

11
Mussolini

• Is elected to Italian Parliament 1921
• His fascist gangs (including many war veterans)
  gain power through terror in cities few people
  dare to resist
• Italy in a mess
• Economic depression
• Communists
• Anarchy

12
Mussolini

• Mussolini forms new fascist government 1922
• Becomes dictator
• Italian government
• exercises total control of industries
• beats, drives out communists
• establishes order (fascism)
• tries to restore pride to Italy (Roman Empire)

13
Mussolini

• Fascist enforcers called Blackshirts
• Mussolini Il Duce (The leader)

14
The legend of Il Duce

• Legend of Il Duce, the man who
• never sleeps
• is always right
• and can solve all the problems of politics and
  economics
• Boxer Napoleon is always right.

15
Mussolini

• Italy takes over Albania
• And Libya
• And when Adolf Hitlers Germany begins taking
  over countries, Mussolini wants a significant
  invasion, too he invades
• Ethiopia

16
Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia - 1936

• With his European army, Mussolini attacks the
  tribal nation of Ethiopia
• Ethiopians fight back with bows arrows, sticks,
  rocks
• Against Mussolinis tanks
  machine guns
• Italy wins a glorious
  victory!

17
Mussolini Gains an Ally

• Mussolini in Italy becomes the model Hitler tries
  to follow in Germany (Hitlers role model)

18
Spain

• Spain is trying to keep its colonies in Africa
  after the Great War
• Francisco Franco is a military hero, a young star
  in the army
• Defeats African tribes brutally
• Promoted quickly to colonel,
  then general

19
Spanish Civil War 1936-39

• By 1936, Franco leads one part of Spanish army
• Revolts against elected Republican govt
• Franco helped by Mussolini (mainly)
  Hitler
• Brutal defeats of
  Republican forces

20
Spanish Civil War

• Spanish artist Pablo Picasso tries to show
  Francos cruelty in painting Guernica

21
Franco Dictator of Spain

• By 1939, the Spanish Civil War is basically over
• Franco is dictator of Spain (will remain dictator
  until death in 1975)

22
Japan

• Japan had been a feudal country from the 1100s
  until 1854
• In 1854, US Commodore Matthew Perry had forced
  Japan to open its doors trade with
  the US
• Japan rushes to modernize (westernize)

23
Japan

• Victory over Russia in Russo-Japanese War of 1905
  keeps Japan going
• Japan fights with Allies in Great War
• Terrible post-war depression
• 4 islands, so hardly any resources
• Proud samurai tradition (bushido)

24
Japan

• In 1926, new Emperor Hirohito enthroned, Son of
  Heaven

25
Japan

• Under Emperor Hirohito, military takes control of
  the government in Japan

26
And then, there is

• GERMANY

27
Lebensraum

• And Germany have been suffering terribly, largely
  due to the harsh conditions of the Treaty of
  Versailles
• And Germany wants room to live, or
• lebensraum

28
Lebensraum

• As Chancellor of Germany (1933), then President
  (1934) Hitler begins a massive military buildup
  against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
• This military buildup creates jobs
• soldiers, sailors, etc.
• workers in factories making weapons
• Ends the Depression in Germany

29
Protest!

• Former Allied countries (England, France, Russia)
  protest against Germany breaking the terms of the
  Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler ignores their protests
• Thats all the countries do (after all, our
  country is busy fighting the Depression. Let some
  other country take action against Hitler!)

30
Nazi Germany Grows Stronger