World War II In Europe

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World War IIIn Europe
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The coming of the Second World War

• The fascist dictatorships Fascist applies to
  Mussolinis government, but also Hitler in
  Germany and Franco in Spain
• Were totalitarian like Soviet Union (Stalin)
• 1. No political parties but theirs
• 2. Control economy
• 3. Control all aspects of peoples lives,
  including brainwashing

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Fascism

• A system of government that flourished in Europe
  from the 1920s to the end of WWII.
• Fascist governments are
• dominated by a dictator with a magnetic
  personality
• wears a showy uniform
• rallies his followers by mass parades
• appeals to strident Nationalism
• promotes suspicion or hatred of both
  foreigners and impure people within his own
  nation such as the Jews in Germany.

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I. Italy - becomes fascist

• A. Results of W.W.I.
• 1. great loss of life (1/2 mill killed 1 mill
  wounded )
• 2. food shortage
• 3. rising prices (inflation)
• 4. unemployment
• 5. protests

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I. Italy - becomes fascist

• B. Fascism appealed to many groups
• 1. Frustrated Business owners landowners -
  fear communism, stop protests
  strikes
• 2. Frustrated War veterans and soldiers -
• unemployed, wanted change and liked power
  figure
• 3. Labor / lower class- unemployed -
  poor, wanted a chance and see changes take place.

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I. Italy - becomes fascist

• C. Mussolini becomes fascist leader
• Speech Either they will give us the government
  or we will take it by descending on Rome
• King Victor Emmanuel III forced to make
  Mussolini Prime Minister and Pope gave his
  blessings to him too.

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I. Italy - becomes fascist

• D. Fascists control society and economy
• 1. secret police kept people subservient
• 2. controlled the press
• 3. restriction on freedom of meeting
• 4. government control of industry

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II. Fascism in Germany

• A. Results of W.W.1.
• 1. Resentful of loss and Treaty of Versailles
• 2. 1919 established the Weimar Republic
• - eager for democracy to succeed
• 3. Fall of Weimar Republic
• - German leaders wanted to reject the Treaty
  - rebuild the German army
• -restore Germany to power in world affairs
• In order to succeed the Weimar Republic
  must be destroyed.

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II. Fascism in Germany

• B. Rise of the Nazi party
• (National Socialist Germany Workers Party)
• 1. Hitler their leader
• a. in 1923 the Nazi party tried to overthrow the
  Government of Bavaria in the Beer Hall
  Putsch.
• - It failed Hitler put in Jail
• b. In jail wrote Mein Kampf, my struggle. His
  philosophy for a strong new Germany.
• c. He received the support of many people

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II. Fascism in Germany

• C. Fall of Weimar Republic / Hitler gains power
• 1. Weak Weimar Republic
• Fall of 1929 - depression - hard hit
• - trade declined
• - banks collapsed
• - factories closed
• - by 1932 six mill unemployed _at_ 1/2 work
  force

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II. Fascism in Germany

• D. Hitler gains power
• - the depression
• - used propaganda
• - Germany lost faith in Democratic
  government, blamed Communists
• - wanted strong leader

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Steps Toward War

• Germany rebuilds their military
• Hitle sends troops into DMZ (Rhineland)
• Germany occupies Austria
• Germany takes Sudetenland (Western
  Czechoslovakia_
• Unifies Germany
• Demonstrates Germanys POWER
• Embarrasses League of Nations

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Munich Conference 1938

• British and French Leaders again chose
  appeasement (to give in).
• This allowed Hitler to annex Sudetenland with the
  promise that there would be no more territorial
  ambitions
• He lied six months later Germany took over the
  rest of Czechoslovakia

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World War II

• Axis powers 1. Germany
• 2. Italy
• 3. Japan
• Allied powers 1. France (fall early)
• 2. Britain
• 3. Soviet Union
• 4. U.S.A

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I. The causes of the war

• 1. Rise of the fascist dictators (Germany,
  Italy, Japan)
• 2. Failure of the League of Nations
• 3. Failure of International Conferences

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I. The causes of the war

• 4. Germany violated the Versailles Treaty
• a. hated by many Germans - why...
• 1. disarmed country
• 2. took away land
• 3. payment of war damages
• 4. war guilt clause
• b. violate it by building up armed forces.
• Appeasement FB give in to Hitlers demands

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I. The causes of the war

• 5. Fascist aggression goes unchecked
• a. March 1936 - Hitler sent troops into the
  Rhineland
• b. Hitler invades Austria. March 1938 used
  self determination as reason.
• c. Moved into Czechoslovakia and in March 1939
  took it over.

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I. The causes of the war

• d. Hitlers planed move into Poland brings
  problems
• - Hitler wanted Polish land
• - Soviet Union wanted to use Polish land for
  bases to block German invasion
• - Poland said no to Soviet Union after
  over 100 yrs. of Russian rule.

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I. The causes of the war

• 6. The Nazi - Soviet pact brings war
• - Stalin and Hitler sign not to go to war by
  splitting Poland
• - Poland allied with France and Britain. Is
  invaded Sept. 1
• - Britain and France knew Germany could
  not be stopped and declared war Sept. 3
  1939.

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II. The War

• 1. Poland falls to Nazi Blitzkrieg Lightning
  War. Poland split between Soviet Union and
  Germany.

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II. The War

• 2. Early 1940 - Germany took Denmark, Norway,
  Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
• Then into France

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Hitler in Paris
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II. The War

• 3. Allied troops escape at Dunkirk - ships sent
  to get troops and bring back to Britain.
  Mainland is Germanys.

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II. The War

• 4. The Battle of Britain
• - Aug. 8, 1940 Germany bombards England -
  heavy bombing.
• - By 1941 Britain out of money and supplies
• - U.S. passes Lend-Lease act to sell lend or
  lease equipment to Britain.

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II. The War

• 5. June 1941
• - Hitler invades Soviet Union (USSR gets
  support from Britain and U.S)
• - Winter helps Soviet army.
• -By 1943 - German troops forced to surrender.

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II. The War

• 6. 1940 - 42 U.S and British troops push into
  Italy from North Africa to open the
  Mediterranean Sea.

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III Europe Under Hitler

• Hitlers new law
• A) Under Heinrich Himmler Called for
  Enslavement or extermination of ALL
  non-Aryan or inferior peoples
• 1. Jews
• 2. Slavs (Poles Russians
• 3. Numerous others

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III Europe Under Hitler

• B) Persecution starts in Poland
• Families in Poland kicked off their land for
  German families to settle
• C) Russia
• 5 million taken prisoner
• 31/2 million died in camps

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III Europe Under Hitler

• D) Holocaust
• wipe out Jews in Europe
• Genocide- murder of an entire people
• 6 million killed

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III Europe Under Hitler

• D) Holocaust

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IV The Allies begin to win

• A) Italy Surrenders
• -The occupation of North Africa gave the allies
  a base for the invasion of Italy
• -July 1943 - Invade Sicily
• -In same month Mussolini overthrown
• -New government surrenders
• -Troops push north fighting German troops

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IV The Allies begin to win

• B) Allies Invade France
• -June 6, 1944 - D-Day - Normandy
• -Allies push through France quickly and into
  Germany
• -Last German surge
• Battle of the Bulge - Germany is successful at
  start but Allies eventually push them back

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D-Day
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IV The Allies begin to win

• C) Soviet Union pushes into Eastern Germany

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Allied Victory
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Allied Victory

• Yalta

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V The Cold War

• WWII Sets the stage for the next 45 years