Mobilization for War

1
Mobilization for War

• Ch. 18 Section 1

2
Selective Training and Service Act

• Sept 1940
• First peace time draft
• Men 21-36 would serve for 1 year

3
American GIs

• Government Issue
• Fighting to preserve the freedoms they had

4
Diversity in Military

• 300,000 Mexican Americans
• 25,000 Native Americans code talkers
• 1 million African Americans Tuskegee Airmen
• 350,000 women volunteered

5
War Production

• Jan 1942 War Production Board converted
  industries to make war products
• Build ships in 40 days Liberty Ships
• Pride and Patriotism motivated

6
Work Force

• End of massive unemployment
• Wages increase
• Unions rise

7
Financing the War

• Federal spending increased
• GNP increased
• 1941-1945 - 321 billion
• Higher taxes
• War bonds
• National debt increases 1940 43 billion to 259
  billion in 1945

8
Daily Life

• Shortages and rationing (metal, rubber, nylon
  stockings)
• Supply of food decreased
• Ration books worth points (food items were worth
  certain points)

9
Popular Culture

• Spend more on books/magazines
• Bought music
• Baseball games
• movies

10
Public Support

• Try to increase morale
• Office of War Information work with magazines,
  advertisers, and radio to create posters and ads
  to increase patriotism
• Victory gardens
• Blackouts
• Civilian Defense
• Recycle

11
Retaking Europe

• Section 2

12
Atlantic Charter

• Meeting between FDR and Winston Churchill
• Declaration of principles about how to deal with
  war
• August 1941

13
Battle on the Atlantic

• Germans use U-boats to stop supplies (wolf packs)
• Allies use convoys to stop subs

14
North Africa

• Erwin Rommel desert fox
• May 1943, Germans and Italians surrender in Africa

15
Italy

• July 1943
• George Patton
• Fascist Party disbanded
• April 1945, Germans surrendered in Italy
• Mussolini is shot and killed as he attempts to
  flee

16
Soviet Union

• Hitler breaks pact with Soviets and attacks
• June 22, 1941
• Battle of Stalingrad Turning point of the war
  in the eastern front

17
Allied Air War

• Carpet Bombing scattered large numbers of bombs
  over a wide area
• Destroy anything that helps ability to fight a war

18
Invasion of Western Europe

• Operation Overlord
• Gen. Dwight Eisenhower
• D-Day
• June 6, 1944
• Normandy, France

19
Europe

• August 25, 1944 liberation of Paris
• Battle of the Bulge
• Dec. 1944 Germany launches a counterattack in
  Belgium
• Last attempt by German army
• Largest Battle in Western Europe
• German pushed back and most leaders know the war
  is lost

20
War in Europe Ends

• Move on Berlin
• Russian move from east (11 million Russians and 3
  million Germans killed on eastern front)
• April 1945 enter Berlin
• Hitler kills himself on April 30, 1945
• May 8, 1945, Germany surrenders
• V-E Day

21
Yalta Conference

• Feb. 1945
• FDR, Churchill, Stalin
• Plan for a final defeat of Germany and the
  postwar world
• Agreed to split Germany into four zones and split
  the city of Berlin
• Stalin promises free elections (leads to Cold War)

22
Holocaust
23
Holocaust

• Nazi Germanys systematic murder of European Jews
• Persecution of Jews
• Anti-Semitism - discrimination of Jews

24

• Exclude Jews from all aspects of life
• Wear yellow stars on clothing (p. 610)
• Gestapo and SS secret police and elite guard
• Nov. 9, 1938 Night of the Broken Glass
• 1933-1937 130,000 fled Germany

25

• Ghettos self contained areas where Jews were
  forced to live
• Einsatzgruppen killing squads
• Wannsee Conference meeting of Nazis to plan
  the final solution to the Jewish question
• Camps built for genocide

26

• Death camps used for mass murder
• Most prisoners were gased then burned
• Auschwitz
• Heads shaved, registration numbers tattooed,
  disease, torture, experiments, horrible living
  conditions
• 12,000 killed in a day

27

• US gov. knew about camps
• Press did little reporting
• War Refugee Board (1944)
• Many camps liberated as Allied soldiers pushed
  German Army back
• Nuremberg Trials Nazi leaders charged in Nov.
  1945
• 12 of 24 Nazis were put to death