Human Factors in Transportation

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Human Factors in Transportation

• Arnold G. Konheim
• U.S. Department of Transportation
• November 13, 2008

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Goal

• Transportation that is
• Safe
• Efficient
• Accessible
• Environmentally Friendly

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Human Factors

• In the design and operation of transportation
  systems and conveyances, must consider the
  physiological and cognitive capabilities of
  humans
• Prevent accidents
• Increase efficiency
• Make accessible
• Provide comfort

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Older Drivers

• Physical, Sensory, and Cognitive limitations.
  
• Impaired Visually
• Limited Agility
• Fatigue
• Safest Among Age Groups
• Self Limit
• Avoid Risks
• In Terms of Exposure, Most Fatalities

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Improvements

• Vehicle
• Following at a Safe Distance
• Night Driving
• Lane Change
• Highway
• Signage
• Lighting

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Quiet Cars

• Transportation Can be a Source of Noise Pollution
  
• Electric Cars Make Little Noise
• Pose a Safety Problem to Visually Impaired

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Communications

• Particular concern English as a Second Language
• Signage
• Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
  provides standards for the US
• There are innovative signs
• Announcements
• Audio Systems
• Announcers

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Simulators

• Used in All Modes of Transportation
• Used for Conveyance Operator and System Operator

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Simulators

• Training
• Research on Human Performance
• Development of In-Cab or In-Cockpit Systems

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Displays

• Operators of Conveyance
• Operators of System
• Users

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Other Areas

• Next Generation Air Transportation System
• Operator Fatigue
• Risk Perception
• Conspicuity
• Crew Size
• Allocating Tasks to Humans and Automation
• Physical Demands of Task and Environment

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Collaborative Effort

• Government
• Industry
• Research Institutions