20th C Chapters 6, 7, 8

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20th CChapters 6, 7, 8

• Igor Stravinsky, Rite of Spring
• Expressionism
• Arnold Schoenberg, Pierrot lunaire

atonality
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Igor Stravinsky

• International figure
• Russia Switzerland France U. S.
• Russian neoclassical 12-tone
• between the wars S toured Europe US
  constantlya celebrity until death in 71
• Remarkable stylistic changes
• Russan folktune-dominated large works ? music
  for smaller groups using ragtime, dances ?
  neoclassical using Mozart et al ? Twelve ToneBUT
  IT ALL SOUNDS LIKE STRAVINSKY!
• Russian (highly nationalist) period produces
  best seller ballets
• Firebird, Petrushka, Rite of Spring

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Log
Probably the 20th Cs most important piece of
music!

• Stravinsky
• Rite of Spring (excerpt)
• Ballet

• I
• Melodiesancient austere sounding sometimes NO
  melody, only atmosphere
• Ostinati
• Modern-sounding music
• functions much like film sound track
• Orchestration
• unusual tone colors
• uses instruments extreme ranges
• Rhythm
• complex, syncopated
• percussion section VIMP
• winds strings create percussive sounds
• Primitivism

CD4Tks 16-23
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Kamien listening outline

• 1 a Bassoon in very high register
• b
• c
• d
• e
• f
• 2 a
• b pizzicato violins Ostinato
• bass clarinet

Setsmood andscene
CD4Tks 16-23
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Kamien listening outline

• 3 a R ostinato
• b Eng horn and bassoon Ostinato
• c
• d Eng horn clarinet Ostinato
• e
• f a MELODY!! (early Russian Easter song) w/ R
  ostinato

• g
• h
• i
• j alto flute w/ ostinato in violins
• k
• l

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Kamien listening outline

• 4 a Percussion!
• b Mixed meter 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 ?. ?. ?.?
  ? ? ?. ? ?. ? ?. ?. ?.
• c
• d
• e

Even the wind instruments are treated like
percussion!
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Expressionism
Early 20th C
Music, literature, visual art

• Explored inner feelings
• (that are not good!)
• Mostly German/Austrian
• Protests social condition
• Music
• Ugly, horrible topics, intense emotions
• Harsh tone colors and tones
• Dissonance
• Atonality

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Atonality (So whats the big deal?)
No tonality
NO memorizable themes thematic amnesia
NO unifiers
NO memorizable themes
NO unifiers
NO form or organization
NO form or organization
musical chaos!
Most humans DO NOT LIKE unchecked chaos!
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Schoenbergs Twelve Tone Systemto the
rescuemaybe, maybe not

• Why did S invent the Twelve-Tone system?
• Does this system use
• traditional notation?
• a tonal center?
• themes or melodies?
• chords harmony?
• rhythm meter?
• Consider a tone row
• What is it?
• What are the rules for constructing one
• Explain the variants of a tone row that might be
  used.

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Schoenbergs Twelve Tone System

• Why did S invent the Twelve-Tone system?
• Does this system use
• traditional notation
• a tonal center?
• themes or melodies?
• chords harmony?
• Rhythm meter?
• Consider a tone row?
• What is it?
• What are the rules for constructing one
• Explain the variations of a tone row that might
  be used.

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Schoenbergs Twelve Tone System

• How does this systems music differ from that of
  the preceding 400 years?
• Tone row vs. earlier melody construction
• Organization (form)
• Explain how UNITY is created.
• Harmony
• Is it planned? or accidental?
• Does dissonance resolve to consonance?

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Schoenbergs Twelve Tone System

• How does this systems music differ from that of
  the preceding 400 years?
• Tone row vs. earlier melody construction
• Organization (form)
• Explain how UNITY is created.
• Harmony
• Is it planned? or accidental?
• Does dissonance resolve to consonance?

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LOG

• Schoenberg
• Pierrot lunaire, Op. 21, Song No. 1
  Mondestrunken
• song cycle
• I atonal, but NOT 12-tone
• chamber ensemble
• Sprechstimme
• Unifiers
• text
• ostinato

CD4Tk 24
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Know your -Isms

• Cyclicism
• Romanticism
• Monumentalism
• Nationalism
• Exoticism
• Symbolism
• Impressionism

• Primitivism
• Neoclassicism
• Serialism
• Expressionism
• Internationalism