Understanding the

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Understanding the INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
2006 Edition
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Understanding the CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 2007
Edition, Title 24 (IBC 06)
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IBC
UBC
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Type I is that type of construction in which the
building elements are of noncombustible
construction
Type IA
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Type IB
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Types II is that type of construction in which
the building elements are of noncombustible
construction
Type IIA
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Type IIB
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Type III is that type of construction in which
the exterior walls are of noncombustible
materials and the interior building elements are
of any material permitted by the code.
Type IIIA
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Type IIIB
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Type IV is that type of construction in which the
exterior walls are of noncombustible materials
and the interior building elements are of solid
or laminated wood without concealed spaces
Type IV HT (Heavy Timber)
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Type V is that type of construction in which the
structural elements, exterior walls and interior
walls are of any materials permitted by this code.
Type VA
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Type VB
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• Larger Area and Greater Heights
• - Tradeoff
• Greater Use of Sprinklers
• Fire Resistance

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Area Modifications - General
Automatic Sprinkler System Increases are allowed
for Height Area - both can be attributed to the
same structure

• Additional Area Increases of
• 300 (single story)
• 200 (multi-story)

where

• Additional Height Story Increases of
• 20 Feet
• 1 Additional Story

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Area Modifications - General
Automatic Sprinkler System Increases are allowed
for Height Area - both can be attributed to the
same structure

• Additional Area Increases of
• 300 (single story)
• 200 (multi-story)

where

• Additional Height Story Increases of
• 20 Feet
• 1 Additional Story

• CANNOT combine both Height Area Sprinkler
  Increases in the Following
• High-Rise Buildings
• Group A, E, H, I, L R Occupancies

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Frontage Increase
where
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General Requirements for Group A Occupancies
IBC
UBC

• Not Classified as Group A (goes to B) when
• Buildings with lt 50 people
• Room, Space, Accessory lt 50 people
• Room, Space, Accessory lt 750 S.F.

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IBC
UBC
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Fire-Resistance Ratings Functional Use of
Walls Partitions

• FIRE WALLS 705
• FIRE BARRIERS 706
• FIRE PARTITIONS 708
• SMOKE BARRIERS 709
• SMOKE PARTITIONS 710

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Fire Walls Section 705 Definition A
fire-resistance-rated wall having protected
openings, which restricts the spread of fire and
extends continuously from the foundation to or
through the roof, with sufficient structural
stability under fire conditions to allow collapse
of construction on either side without collapse
of the wall. (Section 702)
Design note Each portion of a building separated
by one or more fire walls shall be considered a
separate building. (705.1)
Opening Protective Ratings (Table 715.3) 1 ½
Hour 3 Hour 3 Hour
Fire Ratings (Table 706.3.9) 2 Hour 3 Hour 4
Hour
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Fire Walls Section 705
Protecting Openings (705.8) Non-sprinklered
buildings Openings shall not exceed 120 square
feet and the aggregate width of openings shall
not exceed 25 percent of the length of the
wall. Sprinklered buildings Openings may
exceed 120 square feet but the aggregate width of
all openings shall not exceed 25 percent of the
length of the wall.
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Occupancy A-1 (Multi-plex theater
facility) Building Type IIIA (Rated, Single
story) Area Allowance 14,000 Sq. Ft. (Table
503, 06 IBC) Actual Building Area 22,000 Sq.
Ft. (Exceeds allowable area)
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IIIA
LIMITED TO 14,000 S.F.
U N L I M I T E D
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2-hr Fire Wall
IIIA
IIIA
IIIA
IA
Each portion of a building separated by one or
more fire walls shall be considered a separate
building. (705.1)
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1 ½ hr. Opening Protectives
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Opening Protection
Opening Protection
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Fire Barriers Section 706 (Fire Barriers vs
Fire Walls) Definition A fire-resistance-rated
wall assembly designed to restrict the spread of
fire in which continuity is maintained. (Section
702)
(FW / Structurally Independent)
Fire Ratings (Table 706.3.9) Opening Protective
Ratings (Table 715.3) 1 4 Hours 1 3 Hours




(FW / 2-4 hrs)
Opening Protective Guidelines

• 25 rule applies (706.7) 06
• Limited to 156 Sq. Ft. (7.7)

(FW / 120 s.f.)

• 25 rule DOES NOT apply if labeled under ASTM
  E-119 (706.7)
• NOT limited to 156 Sq. Ft. (706.7)

(FW / NOT ALLOWED)
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• Fire Barriers are used in the following
• Shaft Enclosures (Section 707.4)
• Vertical Exit Enclosures (Section 1020.1)
• Exit Passageways (Section 1021.2)
• Horizontal Exits (1022.1)
• Atriums (Section 404.5)
• Incidental Use Areas (Section 508.2)
• Control Areas (Section 414.2.3)
• Separation of Mixed Occupancies (Section
  508.3.2)
• Single-Occupancy Fire Areas (706.3.9)

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Shaft Enclosures
Shall be constructed as fire barriers
(Section 707.1)

• Escalators must be enclosed unless the design
  meets the following requirements (707.2
  Exceptions 2.2.1 2.2.2)
• Automatic Sprinkler System
• NOT a portion of the means of egress
• Floor opening between stories does not exceed
  twice the horizontal projected area of the of the
  escalator or stairway
• Opening is protected by a draft curtain and
  closely spaced sprinklers in accordance with NFPA
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• In other than Groups B and M, this application
  is limited to openings that do not connect more
  than four stories.
• OR
• Where the opening is protected by approved
  power-operated automatic shutters at every floor.
  . .and completely shut off the well opening.

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Vertical Exit Enclosures
Shall be enclosed with fire barriers
(Section 1020.1)
Fire Door Fire Protection Ratings (Table 715.4) 1
3 Hours

• Fire resistance rating of fire barrier walls _at_
  stair enclosures
• 2 hrs connecting 4 stories or more. . .
  (Section 1020.1)
• 1 hr connecting less than 4 stories (Section
  1021.1)

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Horizontal Exit
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Vertical Opening Protective
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Fire Walls Section 705 Definition A
fire-resistance-rated wall having protected
openings, which restricts the spread of fire and
extends continuously from the foundation to or
through the roof, with sufficient structural
stability under fire conditions to allow collapse
of construction on either side without collapse
of the wall. (Section 702)
Fire Ratings (Table 706.3.9) 2 hour 3 hour 4
hour Protecting Openings (705.8) Non-sprinklere
d buildings Openings shall not exceed 120
square feet and the aggregate width of openings
shall not exceed 25 percent of the length of the
wall. Sprinklered buildings Openings may exceed
120 square feet but the aggregate width of all
openings shall not exceed 25 percent of the
length of the wall.
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• Design notes
• Each portion of a building separated by one or
  more fire walls shall be considered a separate
  building. (705.1)
• Where a fire wall separates occupancies that
  are required to be separated by a fire barrier
  wall, the most restrictive requirements of each
  separation shall apply. (705.1)
• Regardless of the rating of the opening
  protective, fire walls cannot have openings that
  exceed 25 percent of the length of the wall.

• Applications
• Exceeding area allowances (Table 503)
• Horizontal Exits (1022)
• Means of Egress (1008.1.2 Exception 6)

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Fire Barriers Section 706 Definition A
fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of materials
designed to restrict the spread of fire in which
continuity is maintained. (Section 702)
Fire Ratings (Table 706.3.9) 1 hour 2 hour 3
hour 4 hour Protecting Openings Non-Sprinklered
Buildings Openings shall be limited to a
maximum aggregate width of 25 percent of the
length of the wall, and the maximum area of any
single opening shall not exceed 156 square feet.
(706.7) Sprinklered Buildings Openings may
exceed 156 square feet but must be limited to a
maximum aggregate width of 25 percent of the
length of the wall, unless the opening protective
assembly has been tested in accordance with ASTM
E119 and has a minimum fire-resistance rating not
less than the fire-resistance rating of the wall.
(706.7 Exceptions 1 2).
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Design Notes A fire barrier may have an opening
exceed the 25 rule if the building is
sprinklered and the opening protective assembly
is the Won-Door Moveable Fire Wall (MFW), in lieu
of the FireGuard Door Assembly.

• Applications
• Shaft Enclosures (Section 707.4)
• Exit Enclosures (Section 1020.1)
• Exit Passageways (Section 1021.2)
• Horizontal Exits (1022.1)
• Atriums (Section 404.5)
• Incidental Use Areas (Section 508.2)
• Control Areas (Section 414.2.3)
• Separation of Mixed Occupancies (Section
  508.3.2)
• Single-Occupancy Fire Areas (706.3.9)

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Fire Partitions Section 708 Definition A
vertical assembly of materials designed to
restrict the spread of fire in which openings are
protected. (Section 702) Fire Ratings
(708.3) 1 hour Protecting Openings Opening
protectives in fire partitions shall have a
minimum fire rating of 20 minutes and a maximum
of 45 minutes. (Table 715.4) Also, these shall
be smoke tested under UL 1784. Design
Notes Most corridor walls fall into this
category. (708.1.4 and Table 1017.1) Corridor
walls in an I-2 Occupancy (Hospital) shall be
constructed as Smoke Partitions. (407.3
710) Applications Dwelling Units, Guestrooms in
R-1, Tenant spaces in covered mall buildings,
Corridors from adjacent spaces. (708)
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Smoke Barriers Section 709 Definition A
continuous membrane, either vertical or
horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling
assembly, that is designed and constructed to
restrict the movement of smoke. (Section 702)
Fire Ratings (709.3) 1 hour Protecting
Openings Opening protectives in smoke barriers
shall have a minimum 20 minute fire rating and be
UL 1784 smoke tested. (Table 715.4) Design
Notes Door assemblies in smoke barriers of I-2
Occupancies (Hospitals) shall have vision panels.
(709.5) Smoke barriers constructed of minimum
0,10-inch-thick steel in I-3 Occupancies (Jails
Prisons) are not required to be 1 hour rated.
(709.3)
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• Applications
• In I-2 Occupancies (Hospitals) smoke barriers
  are required to subdivide every story used by
  patients for sleeping or treatment. (407.4)
• 50 or more persons / minimum 2 smoke
  compartments
• Each compartment cannot exceed 22,500 square
  feet
• Travel distance shall not exceed 200 feet to a
  smoke barrier door
• In I-3 Occupancies (Jails Prisons) smoke
  barriers are required to divide every story
  occupied by residents for sleeping. (408.6)
• 50 or more persons / minimum 2 smoke
  compartments
• Maximum number of residents in any smoke
  compartment is 200
• Travel distance to any exit access component
  shall not exceed 150 feet
• Travel distance to any smoke barrier door shall
  not exceed 200 feet

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• Smoke Partitions 710
• Definition
• A partition constructed to limit the transfer or
  passage of smoke. (710.4)
• Fire Ratings (710.3)
• Non-rated
• Protecting Openings
• Door assemblies shall be UL 1784 tested and self
  closing by smoke detection. (710.5)
• Design Notes
• Smoke partitions and their use are very limited
  in the building code.
• Applications
• Corridor walls of I-2 Occupancies (Hospitals).
  (407.3)
• Elevator Lobbies (707.14.1 Exception 5)

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Means of Egress System
1004
1006
1005
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Chapter 10 Means of Egress
1001 Administrative
1002 Definitions
1003 General Means of Egress
1004 Exit Access
1005 Exits
1006 Exit Discharge

• Misc. Means of Egress Requirements

• Assembly

1009 Emergency Escape Rescue
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Means of Egress System
1014
1024
1018
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Chapter 10 Means of Egress
1004 Occupant Load
1005 Egress Width
1006 Means of Egress Illumination
1007 Accessible Means of Egress
1008 Doors, Gates and Turnstiles
1009 Stairways and Handrails
1010 Ramps
1011 Exit Signs
1012 Handrails
1013 Guards
1014 Exit Access
1015 Exit Exit Access Doorways
1016 Exit Access Travel Distance
1017 Corridors
1018 Exits
1019 Number of Exits Continuity
1020 Vertical Exit Enclosures
1021 Exit Passageways
1022 Horizontal Exits
1023 Exterior Exit Ramps Stairways
1024 Exit Discharge
1025 Assembly
1026 Emergency Escape Rescue
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Common Components in the Means of Egress
Exit Access Rooms Corridors Aisles Doors
Exit Horizontal Exit Exit Passageway Exit
Enclosure Exterior Exit Door Exit Enclosures
(Including elevators) Exterior Exit
Stairs Exterior Exit Ramp
Exit Discharge Exterior Exit Balcony Exit
Court Yard
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TABLE 1015.1 SPACES WITH ONE MEANS OF EGRESS
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TABLE 1017.1 CORRIDOR FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
IBC
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CBC
TABLE 1017.1 - CORRIDOR FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
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TABLE 1017.1 CORRIDOR FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
IBC
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EXIT PASSAGEWAY
HORIZONTAL EXIT
EXIT ENCLOSURE (Elevator)
ALLEY
EXIT ENCLOSURE (Stair)
EXIT
EXTERIOR DOORS
STREET
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1014.2.1 Exit or exit access doorway
arrangement. (when more than one exit is required)
W/Sprinklers
W/O-Sprinklers
1/3 The Distance
EXIT
1/2 The Distance
EXIT
EXIT
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• Accessible Means of Egress

• The IBC concludes three general requirements
• Accessible egress is required in all buildings
• Two accessible means of egress are required for
  buildings with two or more floors (or single
  floor buildings with an occupant load greater
  than 50)
• In buildings more than four stories, one of the
  two required accessible means of egress must be
  an elevator

Additionally, specifically addressing Accessible
Means of Egress issues are two definitions in
Section 1002.1
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Section 1002.1
AREA OF REFUGE. An area where persons unable to
use stairways can remain temporarily to await
instructions or assistance during emergency
evacuation.
EXIT, HORIZONTAL. A path of egress travel from
one building to an area in another building on
approximately the same level, or a path of egress
travel through or around a wall or partition to
an area on approximately the same level in the
same building, which affords safety from fire and
smoke from the area of incidence and areas
communicating therewith.
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Mobile or Immobile, the requirements are the same
for individuals exiting a building
1007.1 Accessible means of egress required. . .
.Where more than one means of egress is required
. . . from any accessible space, each accessible
portion of the space shall be served by not less
than two accessible means of egress.
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1007.2.1 Elevators Required. In buildings where a
required accessible floor is four or more stories
above or below a level of exit discharge, at
least one required accessible means of egress
shall be an elevator complying with Section 1007.4
1007.4 Elevators. An elevator to be considered
part of an accessible means of egress. . . The
elevator shall be accessed from either an area of
refuge. . .or a horizontal exit.
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707.14.1 Elevator lobby. An enclosed elevator
lobby shall be provided at each floor where an
elevator shaft enclosure connects more than three
stories. The lobby shall separate the elevator
shaft enclosure doors from each floor by fire
partitions equal to the fire-resistance rating of
the corridor and the required opening protection.
Elevator lobbies shall have at least one means
of egress complying with Chapter 10 and other
provisions within this code.
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707.14.1 (Continued)
Exceptions 3. Where additional doors are
provided at the hoistway opening in accordance
with Section 3002.6. Such doors shall be tested
in accordance with UL 1784 without an artificial
seal.
4. In other than Group I-3, and buildings
having occupied floors located more than 75 feet
above the lowest level of fire department vehicle
access, enclosed elevator lobbies are not
required where the building is protected by an
automatic sprinkler system. . .
5. Smoke partitions shall be permitted in lieu
of fire partitions to separate the elevator lobby
at each floor where the building is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system. . .
6. Enclosed elevator lobbies are not required
where the elevator hoistway is pressurized in
accordance with Section 707.14.2.
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707.14.1 (Continued)
Exceptions 3. Where additional doors are
provided at the hoistway opening in accordance
with Section 3002.6. Such doors shall be tested
in accordance with UL 1784 without an artificial
seal.
4. In other than Group I-3 and high-rise
buildings, enclosed elevator lobbies are not
required where the building is protected by an
automatic sprinkler system. . .
5. Smoke partitions shall be permitted in lieu
of fire partitions to separate the elevator lobby
at each floor where the building is equipped
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system. . .
6. When approved, enclosed elevator lobbies are
not required where the elevator hoistway is
pressurized in accordance with Section 707.14.2.
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IBC Requirements
1008.1.2 Door swing. Egress doors shall be
side-hinged swinging. Exceptions 6. In
other than Group H occupancies, horizontal
sliding doors complying with Section
1008.1.3.3 are permitted in a means of
egress.
1008.1.3.3 Horizontal sliding doors. In other
than Group H occupancies, horizontal sliding
doors permitted to be a component of a means of
egress in accordance with Exception 6 to Section
1008.1.2 shall comply with all of the following
criteria
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The doors shall be openable by a simple method
from both sides without special knowledge or
effort.
IBC, Section 1008.1.3.3 (2) NFPA 5000, Section
11.2.1.14 (1)
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A. D. A.
COMPLIANT
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Ceramic-Fiber Blanket
1800 Degrees 1 1/2 Hr.
U.L. Test - 1977
Touch with your hand 86º

• Door Assemblies FireGuard (FG)
• 20 Minute
• 60 Minute
• 90 Minute
• 180 Minute

S Label Standard
TR Label as Reqd
Test Criteria U.L. 10B (ASTM E-152)

• Wall Assemblies Moveable Fire Wall (MFW)
• 60 Minute
• 120 Minute

Test Criteria U.L. 263 (ASTM E-119)
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