The Plants and Animals of Padilla Bay

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The Plants and Animals of Padilla Bay
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Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
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Kingdom Monera - Bacteria and Blue-green Algae
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Kingdom Protista - Single celled or colonial -
Dinoflagilates, Diatoms, Algae, Protozoans
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Kingdom Fungi
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Kingdom Plantae or Embryophyta - Anthophyta -
flowering plants
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Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa -
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Animal Kingdom
Parazoa Eumetazoa
Porphyra
Bilatera
Radiata
28 phyla, including Platyhelminthes, Rotifera,
Nematoda, Mollusca,Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa,
Echinodermata, Chordata
Cnidaria (was Colenterata)
Phylum Chordata includes Urochordata - Sea
squirts or tunicates, and the subphylum
Vertebrata, the vertebrates.
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What are Invertebrates?A Brief History

• Aristotle first recognized a difference between
  two major animal groups those with blood and
  those without blood. This observation had no
  scientific basis and was incorrect. His mistake
  was not corrected for over 2,000 years!
• Early 19th century - Lamarck separated animals,
  based on the fundamental body plan those with
  backbones and those without backbones.
• Invertebrates - Animals without backbones. This
  is not a true taxonomic category.

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Common Animal Groups in the Salish Sea
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Phylum Porifera The Sponges

• Most primitive group of multicellular animals
• Skeletal framework composed of spicules or
  spongin
• Filter feeders
• Use specialized cells (collar cells) to pass
  water through body cavity and capture food

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Phylum CnidariaThe Stinging-Celled Animals

• Includes jellyfishes, hydroids, sea anemones, sea
  pens and corals
• Two layers of cells are filled with a jelly-like
  substance
• Tentacles around mouth contain cnidocytes
  (stinging cells) used for capturing prey
• Alternation of Generations Reproduction
• Polyp and medusa

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Phylum CnidariaThe Stinging-Celled Animals

• Three classes of Cnidarians
• Hydrozoa attached colony of animals, often
  mistaken for algae
• Scyphozoa true jellyfishes
• Anthozoa no medusa stage

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Hydroids
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Phylum Nemertea The Ribbon Worms

• Soft bodies are covered with cilia (small hairs
  used for movement)
• Slender and very contractile - length of a single
  organism can vary from under an inch to many feet
• Proboscis - specialized eversible structure
  located on the head-end, may be sticky or armed
  with venomous stylets, used to capture prey
• Feed on other worms (especially polychaetes)

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Phylum Annelida The Segmented Worms

• Body divided into distinct segments
• Circulatory system is very similar to humans
• Class Polychaeta bristle worms
• Largest group of annelids, almost all marine
• Burrowers, tube-dwellers, crawlers and swimmers
• Fleshy extensions of tissue on the sides of the
  segments contain bristles (used for movement)
• Some have large jaws attached to a proboscis

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Phylum Mollusca The Soft-Bodied Animals

• Very large, extremely diverse phylum
• 40-60,000 living species (another 35,000 fossil
  species)
• Marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments
• Philippine Trench (35,000 feet deep) to 15,000
  feet above sea level
• Tropics to the poles
• Unique anatomy Viscera, mantle, radula, shell,
  ctenidia, muscular foot

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Phylum Mollusca

• Class Gastropoda snails and sea slugs
• Class Bivalvia clams, cockles, mussels and
  oysters
• Class Cephalopoda octopus and squid

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Phylum Arthropoda The Joint-Legged Animals

• Largest phyla, extremely diverse
• Approximately 900,000 identified species
• 80 of all known animals are arthropods
• Segmented bodies and jointed appendages
• Exoskeleton made of chitin - very strong -
  molting
• Class Crustacea - barnacles, copepods, isopods,
  amphipods, crabs, shrimp and lobsters

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Phylum Bryozoa The Bryozoans or Moss Animals

• Very small, complicated colonial animals
• Thin crust (sometimes heavily calcified)
• Busy growths
• Branching
• Zooid - an individual animal
• Zooecium - the house a zooid secretes around
  itself
• Tentacles around the mouth bring in food

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Phylum EchinodermataThe Spiny-Skinned Animals

• Includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins,
  sea cucumbers and sand dollars
• Calcareous skeletal structure
• Tube feet - used for movement, operated by a
  water vascular system
• Radial symmetry

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The Chordates
Urochordata, Sea squirts or tunicates
Didemnum sp.
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Vertebrata
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