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STANDARD%20CERTIFICATES%20OF%20AIRWORTHINESS

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Title: STANDARD%20CERTIFICATES%20OF%20AIRWORTHINESS


1
STANDARD CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
Cooperative Development of Operational Safety
Continuing Airworthiness
2
OBJECTIVE
  • This chapter provides guidance and information
    relating to the issue of standard Certificates of
    Airworthiness (CoAs) in particular categories

3
BACKGROUND
  • The obligation for Contracting States of ICAO, to
    issue CoAs, is laid down in Part II, Section 3 of
    ICAO Annex 8, Airworthiness of Aircraft. A CoA
    may be issued on the basis of satisfactory
    evidence that an individual aircraft complies
    with the appropriate airworthiness requirements,
    and that the aircraft has been constructed and
    assembled satisfactorily.

4
BACKGROUND
  • CoAs are issued for individual aircraft as one of
    the preconditions to the aircraft being able to
    fly legally, in the sense of being fit to fly.
  • Actual aircraft type approval stops at the issue
    of the Type Certificate.

5
BACKGROUND
  • The C of A issue process involves ensuring
    that(a) the aircraft conforms with the type
    design this in turn ensures that the aircraft
    meets
  • a design standard and
  • the specified airworthiness requirements
  • (b) the aircraft is free from defects(c)
    the required modifications, have been
    embodied(d) the required operational equipment
    has been fitted(e) the aircrafts airworthiness
    state is properly reflected in the
    required documentation .

6
STANDARD CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS
  • A standard CoA may be issued in the following
    categories Transport Normal Utility
    Acrobatic Commuter Manned free balloons

7
STANDARD CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS
  • Standard CoAs are only issued to aircraft which
    meet prescribed airworthiness standards e.g. Part
    23 (a design standard for small aircraft) Part
    25 (a design standard for transport category
    aircraft) or, a one-off standard, prescribed and
    published by the Authority for special classes of
    aircraft.
  • Special CoAs or special flight permits cover all
    other cases.

8
OTHER BASIC PREREQUISITES
  • As well as the aircraft being registered and
    appropriately marked, in accordance with the
    regulations, there are two other basic
    prerequisites for issue of a standard CoA(a)
    the aircraft must have been type
    certificated(b) many states require that a
    fireproof plate is secured to the aircraft.

VH-ABC B727-138 Ser. No.12237
9
THE APPLICATION FORM
  • The form details should include(a) registration
    mark,(b) manufacturer, serial number, model as
    it appears on the aircraft identification plate
    or in the aircrafts flight manual, and/or the
    type certificate data sheet. (c) place and year
    of construction from identification plate or log
    books
  • (d) aircraft location and maintenance
    organisation enter aircraft location and/or
    where the aircraft is to be processed for CoA

10
THE APPLICATION FORM
  • (e) category requested, noting
  • (i)a standard CoA can be issued in more than one
    category
  • (ii)two CoAs (for example, one to cover standard
    CoA category operation, and one to cover
    restricted category operation) may be issued for
    the one aircraft.
  • (iii) an application for issue of the special CoA
    must be made at this time.
  • (iv) that if a standard CoA in the special class
    category is being requested, then the class is
    entered e.g. airship, etc
  • (h) C of R holder details enter the specific
    details as required.

11
AIRCRAFT SOURCES
  • The relevant variables are(a) whether the
    aircraft is locally or foreign manufactured(b)
    whether the aircraft has been operated locally
    or is being imported(c) whether the aircraft is
    new or used(d) whether the aircraft is a
    first-of- type/model.
  • (e) the age of the aircraft(f) the
    modification status of the aircraft.

12
TYPE APPROVAL
  • APPROVAL PROCESS
  • A CoA cannot be issued to an aircraft that does
    not hold a type approval from this state
  • If an aircraft is one of a type manufactured in
    this state, type certification data should
    already be held within the Authority.
  • If an aircraft of foreign manufacture has been
    approved for operation in this state, then it
    will have already been issued with some form of
    Type Certificate.

13
TYPE APPROVAL
  • APPROVAL PROCESS
  • Some states automatically issue a Type Acceptance
    Certificate (TAC) for an aircraft type that has a
    current Type Certificate issued to it by one or
    more recognised overseas authorities.
  • If a type acceptance certificate cannot, or has
    not been issued, then a full design validation
    must be undertaken by the Authority BEFORE a C of
    A can be issued.

14
IMPORTED AIRCRAFT
  • It is desirable for an application for a standard
    CoA for aircraft being imported into this state
    to be supported by a foreign export CoA or
    equivalent document (as discussed in more detail
    later in this chapter), and that local format
    logbooks and other documentation have been raised

15
USED AIRCRAFT
  • Used aircraft obviously have a history of
    operation, and some data in regard to this will
    be required

16
FIRST-OF-TYPE, DEFINITION
  • TYPE means a design and make of aircraft and
    refers to a group of essentially similar aircraft
    which, although possibly existing in different
    models or variants, stem
  • from a common
  • basic design
  • and are
  • certificated under
  • the same type
  • certificate

17
FIRST-OF-MODEL, DEFINITION
  • MODEL means a particular version of an aircraft
    type, such as would be distinguished from another
    version of the same type by a change of
    sufficient effect on the weight and balance,
    structural strength, operational characteristics,
    or other characteristics as would require a
    separate entry on the type certificate
    identifying and approving the particular version
    as distinct from the identification and approval
    of other models.

18
GROUND INSPECTION REPORT
  • the Authority may produce a Ground Inspection
    Report (GIR), based on the CoA issue exercise for
    a First of Type (FOT) or First of Model (FOM)
    aircraft.
  • Any condition identified during the ground
    inspection will be included as a condition on the
    CoA for all aircraft of this type and model.

19
AGE AND MODIFICATION STATUS
  • Old aircraft and those incorporating major
    modifications
  • usually incur
  • some extra time
  • and effort in
  • terms of
  • documentary
  • requirements, as discussed on the following
    slides.

20
SUPPLY OF DATA All aircraft
  • The following data should be made available at
    the time of application
  • the Certificate of Registration
  • evidence that the particular aircraft complies
    with the type design
  • the logbooks or equivalent maintenance records
    for the aircraft
  • the current weight and balance report
  • a copy of the Aircraft Flight Manual.

21
SUPPLY OF DATA Used aircraft
  • total hours and flights/landings of the
    aircraft/engines and all life limited components
  • statement describing the past operational uses of
    the aircraft
  • record of all major structural and life-limited
    component changes such as those of wings, rotor
    blades, tailplanes etc., and the individual
    histories
  • record of all major structural repairs.

22
SUPPLY OF DATA aged aircraft
  • Special requirements may be imposed where the
    aircraft are older than 14 years
  • details regarding previous operators of the
    aircraft and where operated, and details of all
    structural repairs to the aircraft not carried
    out in accordance with the manufacturers
    approved data and
  • a copy of the relevant Structural Inspection
    Document.

23
SUPPLY OF DATA imported aircraft
  • One of the following documents should be
    supplied
  • a current export CoA for export to this state, or
    current CoA., or
  • a written statement from the aircraft
    manufacturer, or from a maintenance organisation,
    that all applicable ADs, have been complied with,
    and that the aircraft conforms to Type
    Certificate requirements.

24
SUPPLY OF DATA modified aircraft
  • For aircraft incorporating major modifications
  • written evidence that the modifications were
    incorporated in accordance with approved data
  • manufacturers data approved by a recognised
    authority or
  • data approved by a recognised authority in the
    country of manufacture

25
THE AIRCRAFT INSPECTION
  • The physical inspection involves the completion
    of detailed checklists, and encompasses(a)inspec
    tion of structure, systems and engines, to verify
    the aircraft is in a safe condition for flight,
    and to correlate physical aspects with the
    aircrafts documentation(b) checking the
    correctness of registration markings and
    fireproof plate

26
THE AIRCRAFT INSPECTION
  • (c) correlation of aircraft data plate
    details with documentation(d) checking
    all placards as called up by the AFM, MM or
    ADs(e) ensuring the role equipment is
    correctly installed and(f) operational
    equipment as required by the aircrafts
    intended role e.g. instrumentation,
    communication and navigation equipment,
    oxygen provisions, survival equipment etc. is
    correctly installed.

27
THE AIRCRAFT INSPECTION
  • Non conformance
  • Formal non-compliance documents are not raised.
    Non-compliances may be pursued in different ways
  • rectified before the CoA can be issued
  • the applicant accepting operational restrictions
  • transferred to the flight and technical log as
    deferred defects.

28
TEST FLIGHT
  • Some overseas regulatory authorities require a
    test flight as a routine part of the CoA issue
    procedure,or
  • the need for some particular form of check test
    flight may arise during the course of the CoA

29
MULTIPLE AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATION
  • All the requirements for multiple category
    operation should be checked during the CoA
    inspection, as well as ensuring the conversion
    from one category to the other by removing or
    adding equipment (as applicable) can be
    undertaken using simple mechanical means.
  • This sub-process will be completed when the
    Special CoA in the restricted category is issued
    concurrently with the standard CoA .A similar
    process applies for other multiple airworthiness
    certifications.

30
CONDITIONS APPLIED TO A C of A
  • The Authority is permitted to place any condition
    on the issue of a CoA considered necessary in the
    interests of aviation safety. This may include
    operational limitations.
  • Any condition will be in writing attached to the
    CoA.
  • The AWI should fully discuss all proposed CoA
    conditions with the applicant prior to issue of
    the CoA. The aircraft must be subsequently
    operated and/or maintained under the terms of the
    CoA conditions.

31
STATUS OF THE CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
  • DurationSome states do not require that standard
    CoAs be renewed on a periodic basis, although the
    CoA can be issued for a specific period. However
    the prevailing philosophy is to ensure ongoing
    airworthiness of aircraft through prescribed
    maintenance requirements, surveillance and other
    continuing airworthiness controls.

32
TRANSFER
  • A CoA is transferred with the aircraft as the CoA
    is issued to the particular aircraft. Thus the
    CoR holder may change, but this does not
    invalidate the CoA. However, a CoA ceases to be
    in force if the aircraft ceases to be registered
    in this state.

33
CANCELLATION/SUSPENSION
  • The Authority has the power to suspend or cancel
    a CoA by notice in writing to the holder of the
    CoA in the interests of safety. Such action can
    be taken if maintenance on the aircraft is not
    carried out in accordance with the CARs, and/or,
    in the case of RPT aircraft, if type
    certification support, in the sense of continuing
    airworthiness obligations, ceases from an
    overseas source.
  • If a CoA has been cancelled through the above
    action, or after an aircraft ceases to be on the
    Register, then a new CoA will be required.

34
VARIATION SURRENDER
  • If a condition on a CoA is to be varied by the
    Authority, then the CoA should be re-issued.
  • If a CoA stops being in force, expires or is
    suspended or cancelled, the holder of the CoA
    must surrender it to the Authority, on written
    request from the Authority.

35
OVERSEAS ISSUE OF A C. of A.
  • The Authority may not issue a CoA overseas, for
    the following reasons(a) diversion of limited
    Authority resources for the additional travel
    time involved(b) the administration of tasks
    normally carried out by persons whose
    qualification privileges do not extend to work
    carried outside of this state e.g. the issue of a
    MR(c) the degree of preparation prior to
    departure, necessary for the CoA
    documentation(d) the management and
    administrative tasks associated with overseas
    travel

36
SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES
  • An STC formally identifies a major
    modification normally carried out on an aircraft
    by a party other than
  • the type certificate holder, and
  • is supported by an approved
  • data package.

37
SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES
  • A STC incorporated into an aircraft for which CoA
    issue is required will fall into one of three
    groups
  • an STC of local design, approved by the
    Authority
  • a foreign STC which has been previously accepted
    by the Authority or issued by an authority of a
    recognised country and automatically accepted
  • STCs which have not been approved or accepted by
    the Authority as per (a) and (b) above

38
SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES
  • An STC must be applicable to the particular
    aircraft by serial number and be in accordance
    with the Type Certificate or TAC certification
    basis.
  • In the case of an STC that has not been approved
    by the local authority, it will be the
    responsibility of the applicant to furnish to the
    Authority the design data package for the STC, so
    that the Authority may carry out a design
    validation. The package required, consisting of
    drawings, test reports, flight manual supplement,
    is that lodged by the STC holder to the
    regulatory authority which issued the STC.

39
NOISE CERTIFICATION
  • Noise certification for individual aircraft is
    required before the aircraft can legally be
    operated in some countries. Aircraft noise limits
    may be regulated. Noise certification or lack of
    such has no legal impact on type approval, or
    individual CoA issue. However, if an individual
    aircraft does not meet the noise requirements,
    then it may be illegal for that aircraft to
    operate in some countries, even though the
    aircraft may have a valid CoA.

40
Maintenance release
  • A maintenance release is not issued prior to CoA
    issue. However, an aircraft operating on a
    standard CoA cannot legally fly until a
    maintenance release has been issued
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