Fundamental Design Tools

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Fundamental Design Tools
An intro to several techniques used

• Chapter 2

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Brainstorming

• Five to fifteen individuals
• Discussion leader restates problem and reiterates
  rules of discussion
• Individuals suggest ideas
• Evaluate ideas at conclusion of discussion
• Useful for new ideas / deadlock
• Drawback relies on willingness to speak up

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Class Design Problem

• Ear Wax

An example brainstorming exercise -
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Grade in Design? (Concept Map)
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Six individuals

• Useful in systematic approach and large numbers
  of ideas

• Drawback isolation, no group synergy

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Delphi Model
Resultant response list is reordered and evaluated

• Expert panel generates starting points

Suggestions are regrouped and returned to
panelists
Polling process
Useful in situations where future of process is
of concern
Drawback relies on high response rate
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• Problem is presented to a small group

• Group familiarizes itself with the problem

Synetics

• Also utilizes variations such as randomly
  choosing words from a dictionary and forcing a
  fit

• Analogies of terms are examined and relationships
  forced

• Useful when problem to be solved has an analogy
  and group is willing to explore bizarre trains of
  thought

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Class Design Example

• Right to left heart shunt that needs to be closed
  minimally invasive technology.
• When doing catheterization, need to go with the
  flow
• Cannon droops when rapidly fired.
• Need to get a ladder through a small space and up
  in an alleyway.

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Web-based and Print Literature

• Web-based search engines
• www.amazon.com search for recent books
• www.uspto.gov search for granted
  or pending patents
• Trade magazines web sites, especially
  www.cancom.com
• And www.google.com (or scholar.google.com),
  search for topics

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Process Charts Symbols
Operations
Inspection
Transportation
Delay
Storage
See http//vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/King/powerpoi
nt_slide_shows_for_cours.htm for a process
diagram package -
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Process Chart
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Apply Band Aid!!!!!!!!!!
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Flowcharting

Activity
Start or end
Decision
Yes
D
No
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Flowcharting

• Assists in understanding processes to modify or
  improve them.
• Broad range of charts- from simple process charts
  to fairly complicated combinations of signal,
  material, and information flows.
• Dr. King at the doctor
• Flowcharting Overview

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Clinic Flow Charts

Linear system-Each event must be complete prior
to the next beginning
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Flowcharts with Decision Points
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Decisions Selection Chart
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Selection Matrix Writes in a damp environment
(School)
Choice Choice Choice Choice
Demand Fountain Pen Pencil Chalk Marker
1. Writes on paper ?
2. Wont stain hands - -
3. Damp paper tolerant ? ? ?
Summary no go go recheck no go
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Evaluation Chart
Daddy Warbucks goes New York to Rome
Commercial airline Commercial airline Ocean Liner Ocean Liner
wish weight value product value Product
High speed 3 5 15 2 6
Convenience 5 4 20 5 25
Comfort 5 3 15 5 25
Low cost 2 2 4 3 6
Food Drink 5 1 5 5 25
Total 59 87
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Objective Tree Why go to college?
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Quality Function Deployment Diagrams (QFD)
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Example Student Work
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TRIZ

• Russian acronym based upon series of papers on
  the theory of inventive problem solving
• Method of reducing design process to a
  step-by-step procedure
• As difficulty increases, number of solution
  increases
• Different themes of transition have finite
  variations
• Negative interactions between desired functions

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TRIZ - Basic

• ID Problem
• Restate to elaborate contradictions
• Search for previously well solved problem
• Search for analogous solutions

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