Linking Fate:Addressing Racialized Structures to Promote Fairness to Everyone

1
Linking Fate Addressing Racialized Structures
to Promote Fairness to Everyone
john powell Executive Director, The Kirwan
Institute for the Study of Race and
Ethnicity Williams Chair in Civil Rights Civil
Liberties, Moritz College of Law The Ohio State
University Delivered at the Common Ground
Conference building coalitions against racism
and privilege in greater Milwaukee January 27,
2006 (Milwaukee, WI)
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The Challenge

• What problems are we trying to address in our
  communities, regions and society?
• Two related problems
• Extreme racial segregation and extensive racial
  disparity
• Declining opportunities for everyone, declining
  regions, stagnation and decline of the middle
  class
• These problems reinforce each other

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Todays Presentation

• A New Paradigm Using Race as a Transformative
  Bridge
• Structural Racism The Silent Opportunity Killer
• Solutions and Hope Regionalism and
  Coalition-Building
• Concluding Thoughts

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A New Paradigm Using Race as a Transformative
Bridge
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Race and Poverty are Inextricably Linked

• What is the link between race and poverty?
• Racialized structures and policies have created
  the extreme correlation of race and poverty in
  our urban areas
• Racialized structures and policies have created
  the extreme correlation of race and poverty in
  our urban areas
• People then assume that only those harmed or
  isolated are people of color
• Why should others (even the elite) care?
• In reality, these effects are far reaching and
  impact everyone (shared fate)
• Also harming Whites living in opportunity poor
  communities
• Causing regional distress, harming everyone in
  the region, even the elite

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African American-WhiteRacial Inequity

• Research conducted by the Kirwan Institute has
  analyzed the extent of racial disparity (based on
  25 socio-economic indicators) in the 21 largest
  regions in the nation
• Milwaukee indicates a high degree of racial
  disparity
• Milwaukee has the highest level of racial
  disparity of all 21 regions

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More on Disparities

• Disparities are important, but not a sufficient
  lens to understand the problems we face
• Disparities can be a divisive frame to address
  these issues
• What is your point of reference?
• Disparities do not address the decline in
  regional health and the economic insecurity that
  impacts everyone
• We need to not only address disparities but grow
  opportunities for everyone
• We need to not just set goals of racial parity
  with Whites but improve conditions for everyone
• You can have less racial disparity if everyone is
  doing poor (The Great Depression)

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Milwaukee Regional Distress

• Racial disparity in Milwaukee must be understood
  in the context of the overall regional distress
  impacting the region
• Between 2000 and 2004 the Milwaukee region lost
  10,000 jobs
• Since 2000, the Milwaukee region was the 16th
  slowest growing metropolitan region in the
  nation, with a regional population growth of 0.9
• Whites are also being impacted by the overall
  decline of the region
• Out of the 21 largest Midwestern regions, Whites
  in Milwaukee recorded the 3rd lowest improvement
  in socioeconomic health in the 1990s

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Racial/Regional Inequities Impact Everyone

• How do racial and social inequities impact
  overall regional health?
• Racial and regional inequities impact the health
  of the entire region, and impact everyone in the
  region
• The segregation tax (excessive housing costs)
  paid by Whites to distance themselves from low
  opportunity communities
• The region loses its competitive edge in the
  global economy
• Inequitable schools that produce an unprepared
  (undereducated) labor force
• Interregional economic competition that erodes
  the regions collective economic voice and power
• Fragmented and redundant governments, underused
  and redundant infrastructure in suburban areas
• An undercapitalized central city with declining
  infrastructure and resources

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A Failure to Invest in Ourselves

• Both at the federal, regional and local level,
  inequities represent a failure to be good social
  citizens
• A failure to invest in the social capital of our
  citizens so that they can grow to be contributing
  members of our society
• This parallels failure to invest in our
  neighborhoods and communities
• You can not expect returns without a willingness
  to invest capital

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A New Paradigm

• Through collective imagination, we need to define
  what the future should look like
• A New Paradigm!
• Explicitly stated goals and principals provide a
  common framework through which to pursue justice

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A New Paradigm

• What is our alternative vision?
• A model where we all grow together
• A model where we embrace collective solutions
• Where race is experienced and addressed in a
  different way
• No longer using race to divide and distract from
  class struggle
• Using race to transform our society in a way that
  lifts up all people

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Structural Racism The Silent Opportunity Killer
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Structural Racism (SR)

• What is structural racism?
• Structural racism is the blind interaction
  between institutions, policies and practices
  which inevitably perpetuates barriers to
  opportunities and racial disparities.

• Public and private institutions each build walls
• One wall is joined by another until they
  construct a maze
• The maze walls off whole communities of color
  from opportunities

Structural racism is the silent opportunity
killer.
Source http//www.centerforsocialinclusion.org/st
ruct_racism.html
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Understanding Structural Racism

• SR Focuses on
• Racialized outcomes instead of racist individuals
• Interactivity among institutions (regardless of
  intent)
• De facto disadvantage as a result of the
  historical legacy of racialization

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Considerations for an SR Response

• In order to respond to the network of power
  shaping SR, the interconnecting relational web
  within which individuals live and act must be
  investigated and articulated.
• Multiple levels of leadership that cut across
  fields and borders must be identified and
  mobilized.
• We must consider the larger relationship between
  opportunity structures and institutional
  inequities.

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Example of InterconnectionsOpportunity
Structures and Housing
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Opportunity Structures

• Individuals exist within this interconnecting
  relational web of opportunity structures
• Opportunity structures are the resources and
  services that contribute to stability,
  advancement and quality of life
• Opportunities are distributed geographically-
  inner city residents are walled off from
  opportunities
• Thus, where you live is as important as what you
  live in!

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Mapping Opportunity in Milwaukee

• The Milwaukee region has one of the most
  fragmented local government structures.
• Over 20 local government units operate in
  Milwaukee County alone.
• Milwaukee is also one of the most segregated
  places in the nation. (82 of Milwaukees African
  American residents would need to relocate to
  fully integrate the region.)
• Milwaukees segregated inner city neighborhoods
  are economically depressed.
• Median household income for Milwaukees central
  city neighborhood were 60 of the regional median
  household income in 2000.

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The Dynamics of Opportunity in Milwaukee

• Where are opportunity rich and opportunity poor
  neighborhoods located in Milwaukee?
• Low opportunity communities are clustered in the
  inner city, high opportunity areas are found in
  the suburbs.
• This conclusion is based on an analysis of
  multiple indicators of neighborhood opportunity
  including
• Poverty rates, vacancy rates, population change,
  unemployment rates, and home values.

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The Dynamics of Opportunity in the Milwaukee
Region(Light Colors Lowest Opportunity
NeighborhoodsDark Colors Highest Opportunity
Neighborhoods)
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The Dynamics of Opportunity in Milwaukee

• Who is living in low opportunity communities in
  Milwaukee?
• Low opportunity neighborhoods are
  disproportionately made up of people of color.
• African American and Latino
• Nevertheless, isolation in low opportunity
  communities also impacts many Whites.
• In absolute terms, significant number of Whites
  are found in low opportunity communities.

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The Dynamics of Opportunity in Milwaukee
Neighborhood Characteristics by Racial Group and
Opportunity Level
Neighborhood Characteristics by Racial Group
Averages and Opportunity Level
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The Dynamics of Opportunity in Milwaukee

• Who is living in low opportunity communities in
  Milwaukee?
• Nearly 85 of the Milwaukee regions African
  Americans live in low and very low
  opportunity neighborhoods.
• While, 2/3s of the regions Latinos can be found
  in these communities.
• Approximately 200,000 Whites are found in low
  and very low opportunity communities.
• 225,000 African Americans and 70,000 Latinos live
  in these communities as well.

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building
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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Milwaukee has a long history of attempts at
  regional cooperation.
• With the right coalitions, with innovative
  solutions to persistent problems, and the right
  strategies for educating and engaging the public,
  regional efforts are succeeding and old political
  divisions are being bridged.

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• The KEY to a successful regional advocacy can be
  found within prior circumstances of failure
• No single constituency is powerful enough to move
  both public institutions and the public to
  support their agenda (i.e., the need for a
  democratic humility).
• HENCE, the need to link the economic and
  political experiences of multiple constituencies
  (i.e., disjointed constituencies, savvy business
  leaders, enterprising politicians) throughout the
  region, in order to encourage democratic
  participation at a regional level without
  abandoning the U.S. history of local control.

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• As of 2000, of the 326 largest metropolitan
  areas, Milwaukee is ranked 307 in having the
  greatest disparity between the central city and
  its suburbs.
• Even if suburbs are thriving, city-suburb
  disparity will over time damage the region as a
  whole.
• Fragmentation decentralization hurts the entire
  region, including whites.
• The greater disparity, the less competitive that
  region is, and the greater the impact on the
  regions economic health.

Source Mumford State of the Cities, available
online at http//mumford1.dyndns.org/cen2000/City
Profiles/Profiles/5080msaProfile.htm
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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• The Milwaukee region must compete with socially
  healthier (more equitable) regions for investment
  in todays economy.
• The region can not depend on the old industries
  of the past to sustain economic health.
• Regionalism is a strategy to make the region more
  competitive in the new global market place.

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building
Suburb Does Not Necessarily Equate to High
Opportunity

• African Americans and Latinos who reside in the
  suburbs are much more likely than suburban whites
  to live in fiscally stressed jurisdictions with
  below average public resources and greater than
  average public service needs.
• As of 2002, essentially half of the poor
  residents of U.S. metro regions lived in the
  suburbs.

Source Myron Orfield and Thomas Luce, Minority
Suburbanization and Racial Change Stable
Integration, Neighborhood Transition, and the
Need for Regional Approaches. Report of
Institution on Race and Poverty (presentation at
the Race and Regionalism Conference in
Minneapolis, May 6-7, 2005.)
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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• How does fragmentation and regional inequity
  impact economic health?
• Segregation drives education disparities,
  depressing the educational ability of a large
  portion of the region.
• Segregation keeps much of the African American
  labor force isolated from economic opportunity,
  creating workforce shortages for employers.
• Fragmentation creates redundancy in government
  services and creates inter-regional economic
  competition, when the region should be competing
  globally.

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Example of Regional Affordable Housing Strategy
• Chicago Metropolis 2020
• In the Chicago region a collaborative
  organization with strong representation of the
  business community have worked together to
  promote regional affordable housing.
• Economic leaders in the Chicago region see a lack
  of affordable housing as a critical impediment to
  regional economic health.
• Over 100 of the regions largest employers have
  signed a pledge to factor affordable housing
  supply and regional transit into new investments
  and business expansions in the region.
• The group also works to lobby for statewide
  initiatives to promote affordable housing in job
  rich communities.

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Opportunities and Successes in Pursuit of
  Regional Equity
• Transportation
• The Metropolitan Organizing Strategy Enabling
  Strength (MOSES) filed a lawsuit arguing that
  policies and fiscal arrangements support
  individuals with cars (often white and wealthy
  suburbanites) while discriminating against the
  poor, minority, and disabled people who rely on
  the regions inadequate public transit systems.

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Concluding Thoughts
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IDEAS FOR AN AGENDA FOR MILWAUKEE

• More Functional and Fair Labor Market
  Administration
• Regional Reinvestment in the Central Cities and
  Older Suburbs
• Land Use Planning and Growth Management
• Changed Terms of Economic Development Assistance
• Fair Housing
• Transportation Reform
• Watershed Protection
• Public Works
• Equity in the Provision of Local Public Services

Source Milwaukee Metropatterns Sprawl and
Social Separation in Metro Milwaukee, A Report of
the Center on Wisconsin Strategy and the
Metropolitan Area Research Corporation, August
2000. Available at http//www.ameregis.com/project
s/region_maps.asp
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We are all caught up in an inescapable network
of mutuality, tied in a single garment of
destiny. Whatever effects one directly effects
all indirectly. -The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr.
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ACTION Coalition-building

• Hence, we need to build coalitions at the
  grass-root level where the communities are.
• We need to differentiate between electoral and
  goal oriented coalitions.
• In general, successful and lasting multiethnic
  and multiracial coalitions require,
• an engaged leadership and followers
• opened lines of communication (i.e., transparency
  and accountability)
• opened ended interaction (i.e., long-term
  thinking and possibilities of building trust)

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ACTION Coalition-building

• To pursue regional solutions, it is critical that
  racially diverse, regional coalitions are formed.
• Regional solutions have been most successful
  stable when coalitions comprised of multiple
  entities are formed
• Oregon (Coalition for a Livable Future-60
  organizations)
• Chicago (MAC, Metropolis 2020)
• For coalition building, consider groups such as
  community based organizations, social justice
  groups, local governments, the business
  community, CDCs, philanthropic institutions and
  large urban institutions (e.g. Universities).

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ACTION Coalition-building

• Identify possible Turning Points or critical
  interventions in undercapitalized areas.
• Instead of focusing on the tipping point, we need
  to better define what neighborhoods require to
  reach the turning point.
• What convergence of positive actions will
  accelerate the neighborhoods revitalization?
• Pushing development beyond the turning point
  threshold requires an intervention strategy to
  positively transform the neighborhoods physical,
  social, economic, and political environment.
• Keep eyes on the prize!

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ACTION Coalition-building

• We need transformative thinking to actualize this
  new paradigm.
• Materially and Culturally dialectic, discursive,
  relational.
• We can make progress toward realizing a new
  paradigm but we need to work together and
  question what we have/are today in order to be
  able to achieve that craved EQUAL HUMANITY, in a
  Socratic sense.

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For More Information Visit Us On-Linewww.KirwanI
nstitute.org
42

• APPENDIX

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Additional Mapping of Milwaukee
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Milwaukee Regions Racial Demographics
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Milwaukee Regions Racial Demographics
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Milwaukee Regions Racial Demographics
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Milwaukee Regions Racial Demographics
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Population Change Blacks
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Population Change Whites
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Population Change Latin_at_s
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Population Change Asians
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Median Household Income (1999)
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Housing Units Percentage Change
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Median Age of Housing Units
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Low-Income Tax Credit Housing Projects
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All Subsidized Housing
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Percentage Change in Employment
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Additional Information on New Paradigm
Re-thinking Racism and Privilege
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Durable Group Inequalities

• Inequality matters durable group inequalities
  matter more. Why?
• When disparities are durable and cumulatively
  visited on certain groups, this bring into
  question the fairness of larger structures and
  arrangements.
• Durable racial inequalities are a sign and
  symptom of exclusionary whiteness white space.

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Remedying Racial Inequalities

• Most racial justice pursuits focus on non-whites
  and seek to achieve equity and equality.
• This is based on the assumption that something is
  wrong with numbers (distributive problem) not the
  nature of arrangements.
• Inclusion as a goal is therefore problematic
  because if Group A has something Group B does
  not, the pursuit of equity/equality normalizes
  Group A and
• At best, the normalized group gets nothing
• At worst, something is taken away from Group A
  (zero-sum game)

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Boundaries

• Whiteness is comprised of and functions through
  boundaries
• Social, psychological, spatial
• Who sets them?
• How are they drawn?
• Do they even exist?
• Who belongs in or out?
• What work do they do?

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Racial Boundaries

• Boundaries of racial space
• Regulate status and behavior
• Create sort racial identities in racialized
  space
• Constitute being and non-being
• Distribute benefits and burdens
• Ascribe membership or lack of membership in the
  imagined space of the society
• Requires those inside to need protection, those
  outside containment (i.e. policing the space)
• These boundaries are normalized so that those who
  are in the white space see it as natural, and
  perceive those who are not, as lacking something
  (e.g. laziness).

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Exclusionary Space Internal

• The internal boundaries of whiteness are so
  internalized, that rarely (if ever) do we cross
  that boundary, even in our dreams.
• Whiteness is vacant, but it is not meaningless.

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Boundaries

• Why should we be concerned about the boundaries
  of whiteness?
• Those inside are defined in opposition to those
  outside the boundaries.
• Those inside shape the structure operation of
  society.
• Thus, ALL are limited and harmed (not just those
  outside) by the narrow construction of identity
  and society.
• The space itself is toxic. It embodies organized
  fear, exclusion, domination, and individualism.

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Exclusionary Space

• How do we know whiteness is not a natural
  phenomenon caused by the innate human nature to
  categorize and classify along lines of
  difference?
• If it were natural, it would not need to be
  heavily policed.
• It is not inherently about the categories, but
  about the meaning and hierarchical functioning of
  those categories.
• Whiteness has social, not inherent or biological
  meaning!
• We know when we cross a boundary.

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Constructing an Alternative

• Why is rethinking and re-imagining society so
  difficult?
• A particular sense of self and whiteness emerged
  at the same time.
• Hence, abandoning whiteness can be conceived of
  as ontological death.

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New Paradigm

• How do we envision a new paradigm? (Why is it
  important?)
• Our society cannot be de-racialized solely by
  material redistribution (e.g., redistribution of
  wealth), nor by only achieving numerical
  diversity in our institutions (e.g., affirmative
  action).
• We must engage in deliberate collective action to
  address the presence and construction of
  boundaries of exclusion.
• Collectively Reshaping a New Paradigm!

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New Paradigm

• We need transformative thinking to actualize this
  new paradigm.
• Materially and Culturally dialectic, discursive,
  relational.
• Our efforts in the past have been transactional,
  we are making small changes- incremental gains
  within existing arrangements.

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Protesting Boundaries

• We need to challenge the arrangements themselves,
  instead of who belongs inside or outside of them.
• Example Women fought to earn a place in the
  workplace
• The workplace was arranged with the assumption
  that a parent would stay home with children, and
  thus is not structured optimally to allow for
  both parents working.
• Women were granted a place, but not a voice to
  reshape the institutions.
• Thus, the structure and boundaries remained, to
  the detriment of both men and women.
• In contrast, in Scandinavian countries
  institutions support and facilitate two working
  parents through such arrangements as on the job
  childcare.

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SR Frameworks Contributions

• Put in a different manner
• Giving them fish
• Exclusion, but with charity.
• Letting them fish
• De jure inclusion, BUT the magical assumption of
  equal opportunities.
• Teaching them to fish
• Amending past exclusion, questioning the magical
  assumption of equal opportunities, BUT still
  assuming that the arrangements are fine and there
  is something wrong/missing with them.

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SR Frameworks Contributions

• Proposed Extensions of the latter by an SR
  approach,
• Making sure that the teaching to fish is
  working
• Monitoring outcomes judging teaching coherence
  AND its capability-enhancing characteristics.
• Learning to fish together
• This action of monitoring, while inclusive, must
  also be a TWO-WAY STREET because as Seneca stated
  The process is a mutual one. People learn as
  they teach. Hence, questioning the arrangements
  TOGETHER.

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Additional Information on Solutions and
HopeRegionalism and Coalition-Building
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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Sprawl Segregation from Opportunity
• Good jobs, stable housing, and educational
  opportunities are pushed into suburbs, and then
  exurbs.
• This locks the central city and inner-ring
  suburbs out of access to meaningful opportunities.

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Why is the region important?
• The spatial orientation of todays economy,
  housing market, infrastructure, and labor market
  are no longer locally focused.
• Local initiatives are not enough
• Local conditions are under the influence of
  regional forces outside of local control.
• Regional structures and market conditions impact
  neighborhoods and require new approaches.
• Resources are allocated on a jurisdictional
  (local) level.
• Opportunities are allocated on a regional level.
• Traditional decision-making is on the local
  level.
• Rational (local) Decisions Unreasonable
  (regional, jurisdictional) Structures
  Unreasonable Results/Racial Hierarchies

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Regionalism must be equity-based.
• Regionalism itself is neutral. It can produce
  equitable or inequitable outcomes depending on
  the focus.
• Regionalism without equity could successfully
  meet goals such as financial efficiency and
  growth management without addressing disparities.
• Infrastructure-focused regionalism could further
  disenfranchise people of color by benefiting
  suburban communities without modifying the
  residential/educational segregation in the
  region, harming the central city.

76
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Equity based regionalism looks at the spatial
  arrangement of resources and opportunity.
• Equity based regionalism is focused on key
  opportunity structures.
• Opportunity structures are the resources and
  services that contribute to stability,
  advancement and quality of life.
• Fair access to these opportunity structures is
  limited by spatial arrangements and regional
  dynamics including
• segregation, concentration of poverty,
  fragmentation, and sprawl

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Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• The only Midwestern regions with relatively low
  levels of disparity are Indianapolis and
  Columbus.
• Both regions have more regionalized government
  structures (Indianapolis through consolidation,
  Columbus through proactive annexation).
• Research by David Rusk, David Miller and others
  supports this theme, finding that less fragmented
  regions as having more racial equity than their
  fragmented peers.
• Researchers feel that fragmentation (and
  corresponding exclusionary policies) produce
  greater levels of segregation and greater
  exclusion from opportunity for people of color,
  ultimately leading to greater inequity.

78
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Equity-based regionalism can also positively
  impact a regions economic health.
• Research suggests that regions who utilize
  regional policies are economically (and socially)
  healthier.
• Conversely, regions that are the most fragmented
  are more economically depressed. Why?
• No unified strategy for economic development
  (infighting over jobs and new businesses).
• A less qualified and educated work force due to
  educational disparities in the region.
• An entry level and low skill work force that is
  spatially isolated from suburban job
  opportunities.
• More likely to exhibit sprawling growth that
  wastes public resources on new roads, sewers,
  schools in undeveloped areas, while existing
  resources are left to deteriorate.

79
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• The suburbs are changing.
• Traditionally urban issues are now impacting our
  older suburbs and these communities have fewer
  resources to deal with them.
• Need for a unified approach to address these
  issues.
• Smaller suburbs do not have the resources to
  address these regional trends.

80
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• The challenge for regional equity is to connect
  low income populations and people of color to
  these opportunity structures.
• This requires cooperation between the central
  city, suburbs and exurbs, and an equity-based
  regionalism approach.
• Opportunity does not lie solely in the suburbs,
  it is a moving target. Thus, separate and
  isolated efforts to move individuals to
  opportunity are not enough.

81
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Regionalism is not an attempt to take
  opportunity from Whites, but a way to better
  connect people of color to the opportunities they
  have been denied in the past.
• The ultimate goal of regionalism is to lift an
  entire region and ALL of its residents.
• Also, concerns by African Americans of power
  dilution are real and potentially an issue, but
  these can be mitigated with proper policies that
  focus on regional structures to connect people to
  opportunity.

82
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Often regions rush to regional governmental/struct
  ural solutions (such as consolidation) without
  exploring other cooperative intergovernmental
  strategies.
• There may be significant resistance of
  communities of color to adopting this approach.
  Why?
• Communities of color and low-income communities
  can be further marginalized through power
  dilution from government consolidation and
  mergers.
• Regionalism may not explicitly target the issues
  impacting racial equity (such as housing,
  education and tax base).

83
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Minority representation dilution
• In most regions, consolidation reforms have
  resulted in a reduction in the concentration of
  African American voters (and in some cases
  elected political representation).
• Indianapolis Unigov
• Schools originally not addressed in
  consolidation, fragmented tax districts also
  maintained and created political
  disenfranchisement of African American community.
• Louisville Consolidation
• Recent research has found suburban political
  interests (and development) dominate the
  political agenda at the expense of African
  American central city neighborhoods.

84
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Can Regionalism Exist Without Regional
  Government or Consolidation? Yes!
• Intergovernmental arrangements can address
  fragmentation and inequity without resulting in
  power dilution for communities of color.
• Example Pre-consolidation Louisville
• Prior to the consolidation in Louisville, the
  city and county developed an agreement to share
  occupational tax revenues and jointly manage land
  use planning and development.
• During this time period, investment increased
  significantly in Louisville and indicators of
  disparity were improved.
• Example Minneapolis-St. Paul
• The twin cities region remains highly fragmented
  (the 2nd most fragmented region per capita
  nationally) but equity has been improved through
  regionalized tax base sharing.
• Additional initiatives to equalize school funding
  have also improved equity.

85
Solutions and HopeRegionalism and
Coalition-Building

• Examples of potential equity based regional
  policies
• Regional school strategies to address segregation
  and concentrated school poverty.
• Regional affordable housing strategies
• Regional transportation/mobility strategies
• Strategies to curb sprawl and reinvest in
  existing neighborhoods (with infrastructure and
  other resources).
• Strategies to make decisions regionally and to
  share resources (taxes).

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Some relevant Quotes
87

• metropolitan solutions demand both an inside
  game (e.g., enterprise zones) and a strong
  outside game (e.g., regional land use planning
  to reduce sprawl, regional fair-housing to avoid
  concentrated poverty, and regional revenue
  sharing to reduce fiscal disparities).
• - David Rusk
• excerpted from Inside Game, Outside Game
  Winning Strategies for Saving Urban America

88

• Indeed, the process may be the goal talking
  together leads to working together, and this can
  lead to growing together, partly because the
  resulting personal and institutional ties put
  everyone rich and poor, city and suburb on
  the same map.
• - Manuel Pastor Jr., Peter Dreier, J. Eugene
  Grigsby III, and Marta López-Garza
• excerpted from Regions That Work How Cities
  and Suburbs Can Grow Together

89

• I am not truly free if I am taking someone
  elses freedom, just as surely as I am not free
  when my freedom is taken from me. The oppressed
  and the oppressor alike are robbed of their
  humanity.
• - Nobel Laureate Nelson Mandela

90

• The idea of linked fate in a democracy connects
  the two dimensions of our project. In our mind,
  the fate of our democracy as a whole is linked to
  the fate of blacks, Latinos and poor people of
  all colors. Our new paradigm highlights and
  builds on those linkages. In addition, scholars
  and intellectuals must link their work as well as
  their fate to help assemble the problem solving
  capacity necessary to address the magnitude of
  our societys problems. In order to confront a
  landscape that is more complex, more elusive and
  often more intractable than the easy to spot Jim
  Crow segregation patterns of the 20th century, we
  need to move from representing race as a matter
  of color to representing race as a challenge of
  democracy.
• - Lani Guinier, john a. powell, and Claude Steele