CMAQ and the New Air Quality Standards

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CMAQ and the New Air Quality Standards

• Air Quality Team, FHWA
• Summer, 2004

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Topics

• Background on CMAQ
• CMAQ and the New NAAQS
• CMAQ and Reauthorization
• New Areas and CMAQ Eligibility
• CMAQ Tracking System

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Background on the CMAQ Program
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CMAQ Background

• Created by ISTEA of 91, reauthorized by TEA-21,
  expected to continue
• Funds transportation projects and programs to
  help achieve and maintain NAAQS for Ozone, CO,
  and PM-10
• Jointly administered by FHWA and FTA in
  consultation with EPA

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CMAQ Overview

• 14.1 billion program under ISTEA and TEA-21
• Apportioned to States based on
• Population in ozone and CO areas
• Severity of the air quality problem
• All States guaranteed a 0.5 minimum
  apportionment
• More than 13 Billion invested in 15,000 AQ
  projects since 1992

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CMAQ Funding by Project Type (FY 1992-2000)
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Flexible Funds for Transit (FY 1992 FY 2002)

• Cumulative Transfers
• CMAQ 5,051M
• STP 3,464M
• Other 699M
• Total 9,214M

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CMAQ and the New NAAQS
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CMAQ and the New NAAQS

• Underlying Principle of CMAQ
• Funding should be proportional to AQ problem
• The CMAQ formula is statutory (see 23 USC 104)
• New areas designated, but not covered by current
  statute (Title 23)
• SAFETEA addresses 8-hr ozone, PM2.5

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Air Quality New Ozone Nonattainment Areas
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Air Quality Potential PM2.5 Nonattainment Areas
EPA 244 counties. Designations expected by end
of 2004.
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CMAQ and Reauthorization
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Reauthorization of Surface Transportation
Funding SAFETEA

• The last funding Act, TEA-21, covered FY 98
  03 and sunset 9/30/03.
• Administration proposed SAFETEA in May 2003
• But Congress has yet to pass a new law
• Current short-term reauthorizations and
  continuing resolutions

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CMAQ Authorization Levels
Administration proposal
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Funding under 3 bills

• SAFETEA 8.9 billion for CMAQ (256 billion
  total)
• Senate 13.4 billion (341 billion)
• House 9.4 billion (285 billion)

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More Areas, More Funding??

• More than 120 new counties will be nonattainment
  for 8-hour ozone
• More than 240 counties projected to be
  nonattainment for fine PM

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Reauthorization CMAQ and SAFETEA

• CMAQ Apportionment formula
• Administration proposed formula changes to adopt
  new NAAQS
• Senate (S.1072) adopted our changes
• House (HR 3550) has not
• Changes to reflect the new NAAQS are expected,
  but when?

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TEA-21 Weighting Factors
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SAFETEA Weighting Factors
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TEA-21, SAFETEA Differences
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SAFETEA New Pollutants

• New 8-hr ozone areas weight 1.0
• New PM2.5 areas weight 1.2
• Multiple pollutants earn extra weight
• 1-hr ozone factors (marginal to extreme) will
  take precedence in FY05

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Reauthorization Scenarios

• SAFETEA passes in FY04
• SAFETEA passes in FY05
• Wild card New NAAQS provisions not adopted??

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If SAFETEA (new NAAQS provisions) passes in FY04

• FY05 apportionments would reflect new law
• 8-hr areas would be included
• Where 1-hr and 8-hr overlap, 1-hr would take
  precedence
• No 1-hr areas removed from CMAQ apportionment
  formula
• PM2.5 areas will not be included

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If SAFETEA Passes in FY04

• FY2006-2009
• 1-hr ozone std. revoked (expected June 2005)
• 1-hr areas will be removed from formula
• 8-hr areas will remain in the formula
• PM2.5 areas designated (expected December 2004)
• Include in FY06 apportionments

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If SAFETEA passes in FY05

• Initial FY05 apportionments will be made
  according to TEA-21 formula
• Leave out 8-hr PM2.5
• Final FY05 apportionments will be redone once
  SAFETEA is signed to include 8-hr areas

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Wild card??

• Congress could pass something different
• Impossible to guess
• OR
• Congress could fail to adopt new NAAQS provisions
• FY05 8-hr not included (formula based on 1-hr
  and CO areas)
• FY06 8-hr, PM2.5 not included (formula based on
  CO only!)

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Even if No Bill is Passed

• New areas can spend CMAQ funds once they have
  been designated
• However, States will not be apportioned funds for
  8-hr / PM2.5 areas without new legislation

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Early Action Compacts

• No statutory basis for including EACs in
  apportionmentsnonattainment is deferred
• No draft bill brings EACs into the formula
• Exception is EACs that are 1-hour ozone
  maintenancethey remain in the formula

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Former CMAQ Areas

• Areas no longer identified as NA or maintenance
  are out of the formula and ineligible for CMAQ
  investment
• Existing CMAQ guidance features some flexibility
  and transition for these areas
• Updated guidance is under discussion

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New Areas and CMAQ Eligibility
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CMAQ Projects Must

• be a Transportation Project
• in a NA/Mtce area
• that reduces emissions

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CMAQ and Creativity Examples

• Station Cars/ Car Sharing
• Boston, Seattle
• HD Diesel Retrofits
• CA
• Truck Stop Electrification
• NYC
• Intermodal Freight
• Ohio, Maine, NYC
• New Fuels - Fuel Cell Buses
• Chicago, Houston, Atlanta, LA

• ITS Transit and Road
• Everywhere
• Public-Pvt. Partnerships
• Jersey City, Chicago, Atlanta
• Parking Cash Out
• Glendale
• I/M Remote Sensing
• WI, NY, DC, IN, IL, NJ
• Transit-Oriented Dev.
• Portland, Minneapolis

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Areas New to CMAQ?

• MPOs need to develop a CMAQ project selection
  process
• Involve partners and stakeholders
• Transparent, codified
• Annual CMAQ reports

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Basic CMAQ Eligibility

• Eligible projects include
• transit improvements
• shared ride services
• traffic flow improvements
• demand management
• bicycle and pedestrian projects
• alternative fuels
• inspection and maintenance programs
• freight services
• experimental pilots
• public / private partnerships

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CMAQ Eligibility

• Idle Reduction projects
• Freight projects (intermodal)
• Rail / truck / barge
• Diesel Retrofit projects
• On-road Freight and buses
• Off-road construction equipment
• Conformity credit issue

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Traffic Congestion
Truck and Rail Flows
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Alternative Fuels

• Biodiesel Projects
• Yes, but probably not in NOx-limited areas
• Hybrids

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Other Issues

• Operating costs-3 year limit
• Vehicle lease as capital cost
• Increased emphasis on meeting ADA requirements

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CMAQ Reporting Requirements
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CMAQ Tracking System
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CMAQ Tracking System

• Benefits of using the system
• Standardize data
• Create reports for your State
• Upload vs. entering individual projects

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Expected Emissions Benefits (VOC, FY2000)
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http//www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpgs/index
.htm

• Michael.Koontz_at_fhwa.dot.gov (CMAQ Coordinator)
• Diane.Turchetta_at_fhwa.dot.gov
• Victoria.Martinez_at_fhwa.dot.gov
• Robert.Kafalenos_at_fhwa.dot.gov
• Michael.Savonis_at_fhwa.dot.gov (AQ Team Leader)

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Questions??