Megacity Regions Questions of Management and Governance

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Megacity Regions Questions of Management and
Governance

• World Bank
• 4 February 2009
• Tim Campbell, PhD
• Urban Age Institute

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Content

• WDR connecting yes, but
• 1. Its large cities, not just urban population
• 2. Global trends (decentralization and
  globalization)-- Waypoints in metro governance
  debate
• 3. Search for answers Mixed bag of tricks
• 4. Organization of the state--Tradeoff service
  for democracy?
• 5. Private Interests fit where?
• 6. Feed the Need to Learn

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1. Its number of cities, not just urban
population (by size, 2015)
Population size (Millions) World Total Economic status  Economic status 
Population size (Millions) World Total More Devd Less Devd
10 M gt 21 4 17
5-10 M 37 6 31
1-5 M 496 118 378
.5-1 M 507 107 400
Total .5-10M  1061 235 826
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Corollary A structural problem of local
government units and populations
Most units of government have small populations
2/15/2016
Tim Campbell, PhD.
Urban Age
Institute
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2. Global trendsWaypoints in metro governance
debateDecentralization, globalization,
territorial spread.

• 1950s-1970s Government a matter of structural
  design and (often) command
• 1980s-1990s Fiscal choice. Regionalists,
  centrists vs. polycentrists and fiscal fit
• Nelson and Foster
• Flip flops in London, Montreal, Toronto
• 2000 New regionalism, not the structure, but the
  policies and functionsSavitch and Vogel 2000
• Territorial spread Angel 2005
• Competitiveness need to fix failures in markets
  AND governments

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3. Search for answers Mixed Bag of Tricks in
choice and accountability
Governance System Rules of the Game Rules of the Game Rules of the Game Rules of the Game
Mandatory Voluntary Electn Own Revenues
Coordinating, planning Mexico City water Seattle I N N N
Functions all Jurisdictions Seoul Brazil (1970s), Bangkok D Y
Functional Fragmentation (With and without tiers) Manila Toronto Brazil (2000s) Prague S Salvador N N
Decentralized, specialized LEDAs, e.g. India, China, Europe Special districts (CA) Y S Y S
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4. Organization of the state-- tradeoff service
efficiency and democracy?
Municipalities Township
Special
District
Metropolitan
District
Pronvince State, Lander
lt---First Tier--?
?------Second Tier------?
lt--------Third Tier ----?
2/15/2016
Tim Campbell, PhD.
Urban Age
Institute
7
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Organization of the State--Opposing Pressures
Municipalities Township
Special
District
Metropolitan
District
Pronvince State, Lander
Efficiency pressure to Reduce local govt units
lt---First Tier--?
?------Second Tier------?
lt--------Third Tier ----?
Fiscal incentives to increase local units
2/15/2016
Tim Campbell, PhD.
Urban Age
Institute
8
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Territorial spread. Jaipur, India1989 and 2000
(Angel 2005)
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5. Private Interests Fit Where?Major corporate
reports on citiesPriceWaterhouseCoopers, America
2050, Siemens, Deutche Bank, MasterCard
Over US7 trillion in roads of US and Europe by
2030
Mega-regions and world class multi-modal
transport
Deutsche Bank Research Megacities Boundless
Growth ?
Increase density in China to create mega-regions
Seven kinds of capital, only one is money.
requires a more holistic view.
Metros are foci of many infrastructure
technologies
Megacity Challenges Sponsored by Siemens
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6. Feed the need to LearnSurvey of how cities
learn(Urban Age web survey, 2008-2009 n27)
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Recap

• WDR connecting yes, but scope is growing
• 1. Its large cities, not just urban population
• 2. Response to global trends regional
  connections more important
• 3. Key tricks Choice and accountability many
  different solutions are possible
• 4. Tension in organization of the state--tradeoff
  service for democracy?
• 5. Private interests fit where?
• 6. Need to learn exchange and adapt to local
  needs

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Thank you.

• TimCampbell_at_urbanage.org